Crime Scene Investigation Basics
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Questions and Answers

What should be done to objects such as food and blood at a crime scene?

  • They should be left uncovered.
  • They should be analyzed immediately.
  • They should be covered to protect from contamination. (correct)
  • They should be disposed of quickly.

    • What is the initial action an investigator should take upon arriving at a crime scene?

  • Record the time of notification and who notified them. (correct)
  • Sketch the scene first.
  • Interview all witnesses on-site.
  • Start collecting evidence immediately.

    • Why is it important to separate witnesses at a crime scene?

  • To prevent them from leaving.
  • To ensure they do not confer with each other. (correct)
  • To keep them entertained.
  • To allow for group questioning.

    • What should an investigator ideally avoid doing upon arriving at the crime scene?

    <p>Touching or altering any evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended movement pattern for a systematic search of evidence?

    <p>Clockwise for uniformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of photographs should an investigator take at a crime scene?

    <p>General, medium, and close-up views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be noted about individuals present at the crime scene?

    <p>All names for potential witness information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gauging the physical characteristics of a crime scene help the investigator achieve?

    <p>Develop essential evidentiary facts related to the offense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of collecting metal fragments at a crime scene?

    <p>They can provide clues about the weapon used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When collecting fired cartridge cases, what information must be noted?

    <p>The numbers of shells, caliber, type, make, place, and date of recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is marking of physical evidence important in an investigation?

    <p>It helps in identifying and establishing the source of evidence in court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument should be used for marking metallic ballistics evidence?

    <p>A hard pointed instrument called a stylus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which marking technique is advised for distinguishing between evidence items?

    <p>Using the initials of the investigator and the date of recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be avoided when marking evidence to preserve its nature?

    <p>Altering the surface of the evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is it important to establish the chain of possession of ballistic exhibits?

    <p>To meet the defense counsel's requirements in court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to firearms or ammunition not reclaimed within five years?

    <p>They are deemed abandoned and may be disposed of.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key reason investigators should take complete notes when marking evidence?

    <p>To ensure there are no discrepancies during court proceedings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required from the next of kin of a deceased firearm license holder?

    <p>They must deliver the firearms to the FEO of the PNP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not delivering a firearm within six months after the licensee's death?

    <p>The possessor becomes liable for illegal possession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a person possess in order to legally own an antique firearm?

    <p>A collector’s license from the FEO of the PNP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does noncompliance with the registration of antique firearms result in?

    <p>Illegal possession penalties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of registered firearms that a Type 4 License holder is allowed to own?

    <p>Fifteen (15)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a citizen to obtain any type of firearms license under this act?

    <p>Payment of required fees determined by the Chief of the PNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which license type allows a citizen to possess a maximum of two registered firearms?

    <p>Type 1 License</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who can lawfully acquire or possess a light weapon according to this act?

    <p>Authorized law enforcement agencies only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the registration process for firearms as defined in this act?

    <p>To ensure ownership is transparent and traceable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Types 3 to 5 licenses, what must citizens comply with in addition to possession requirements?

    <p>Inspection and bond requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the registration process for a firearm under this act?

    <p>A certificate of registration issued by the FEO of the PNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional requirement is needed specifically for Type 5 License holders?

    <p>Proof of being a certified gun collector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be proven for illegal possession of firearms to be established in relation to explosives?

    <p>Verification of the grenade by the PNP Firearms and Explosives Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under P.D. No. 1866 as amended by R.A. No. 8294, what happens when a firearm is used in a homicide or murder?

    <p>Illegal possession of firearms is treated as a special aggravating circumstance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes entrapment from the planting of evidence?

    <p>In entrapment, the criminal intent must originate from the accused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has the authority to issue licenses for firearms according to RA 10591?

    <p>The Chief of the PNP through the FEO of the PNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required in order for illegal possession of firearms to be considered in determining the criminal liability of an accused?

    <p>The information must specifically state the illegal possession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal provision addresses the registration and licensing of firearms?

    <p>RA 10591</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome for an accused who uses an unlicensed firearm in a murder case?

    <p>Homicide or murder charges are primarily pursued, with possession as an aggravating factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a gun club?

    <p>To propagate responsible and safe gun ownership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must law enforcement officials do in the case of entrapment?

    <p>Encourage the accused to commit a crime without prior intent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition accurately describes a gunsmith?

    <p>An individual licensed to repair or assemble firearms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an imitation firearm?

    <p>It closely resembles a real firearm in both appearance and coloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who qualifies as a licensed citizen for firearm possession?

    <p>Any Filipino who meets specific qualifications set in the Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'licensed, juridical entity' refer to?

    <p>Corporations and organizations licensed to own firearms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of weapon does not exceed caliber 7.62MM?

    <p>Assault rifles in fully automatic mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long certificate of registration used for?

    <p>Licenses for government agencies to use firearms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category does a submachine gun fall under?

    <p>Class-A Light weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Firearms Examination Equipment

    • Firearms examiners use microscopes, measuring tools, testing tools, and balances for examination and comparison
    • Stereo microscopes are commonly used for initial examinations, providing magnification from 3X to 10X
    • Forensic comparison microscopes are crucial for comparisons, having two joined microscopes visible via a split screen
    • Most guns have unique identifying features even if not at the crime scene.

    Identifying a Weapon

    • Bullet markings and residue can help determine gun type and modifications
    • Gunpowder and cordite leave burn marks and residue on victims and shooters
    • Mechanisms can be removed and reactivated
    • Gun barrels have grooves and ligatures that leave marks on shell casings, aiding in identification of make and model
    • Automatic/semi-automatic weapons eject the shell casing as fired, while revolvers retain them inside the barrel

    Investigating Firearms

    • Ballistics experts can identify characteristics like rifling patterns, suppressor marks, shell casings, powder burn etc
    • Ballistics analysis can link crimes over extended time frames as many weapons change hands

    Equipment in a Ballistics Laboratory

    • Comparison microscopes allow simultaneously observing magnified images of two fired bullets/cartridge cases
    • Bullet comparator microscopes are specifically designed for this task
    • Forensic comparison microscopes have various holders for various evidence items (bullets, cartridge cases, tools, firearms)
    • Comparison microscopes have multiple objectives for a range of magnification
    • A video imaging system assists with training and case documentation
    • Early comparison microscopes involved matched pairs of microscopes connected with a hairline that split the view

    Other Forensic Equipment

    • Stereo microscopes are used for initial examinations of bullets and fired shells
    • Measuring projectors assess the dimensions of lands, grooves, diameter, and twist of fired bullets
    • Analytical balances are used to determine the weight of bullets, shots, and pellets, aiding identification
    • Helicometers are tubular instruments used to inspect barrel interiors and measure rifling
    • Chronographs are devices for measuring bullet velocities
    • Shadowgraphs, producing images on sensitive surfaces via X-rays or Gamma rays

    Forensic Ballistics Problems

    • Seven problems related to firearm identification are outlined
    • Determining caliber, type, and make of firearm are key problems
    • Determining if a specific bullet or shell was fired from a suspect firearm is another crucial part of the process

    Procedure at the Crime Scene

    • Steps to be followed upon arrival at a crime scene:
      • Note the date, time, and weather
      • Assess for living persons
      • Take photographs and sketches of scene
      • Preserve physical evidence
    • Procedures for recording physical evidence
    • Various methods of crime scene search such as strip method, double strip method, wheel method, spiral method, zone method
    • Importance of preserving physical evidence to prevent accidental/intentional contamination

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    Forensic Firearms Examination - 6 Week 13-17 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the initial actions and procedures in a crime scene investigation. This quiz covers key aspects such as evidence collection, witness separation, and systematic search methods. Understanding these fundamentals is crucial for any aspiring forensic investigator.

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