Crime Scene Investigation Basics
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Questions and Answers

What should be done to objects such as food and blood at a crime scene?

  • They should be left uncovered.
  • They should be analyzed immediately.
  • They should be covered to protect from contamination. (correct)
  • They should be disposed of quickly.

What is the initial action an investigator should take upon arriving at a crime scene?

  • Record the time of notification and who notified them. (correct)
  • Sketch the scene first.
  • Interview all witnesses on-site.
  • Start collecting evidence immediately.

Why is it important to separate witnesses at a crime scene?

  • To prevent them from leaving.
  • To ensure they do not confer with each other. (correct)
  • To keep them entertained.
  • To allow for group questioning.

What should an investigator ideally avoid doing upon arriving at the crime scene?

<p>Touching or altering any evidence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended movement pattern for a systematic search of evidence?

<p>Clockwise for uniformity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of photographs should an investigator take at a crime scene?

<p>General, medium, and close-up views. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be noted about individuals present at the crime scene?

<p>All names for potential witness information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gauging the physical characteristics of a crime scene help the investigator achieve?

<p>Develop essential evidentiary facts related to the offense. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of collecting metal fragments at a crime scene?

<p>They can provide clues about the weapon used. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When collecting fired cartridge cases, what information must be noted?

<p>The numbers of shells, caliber, type, make, place, and date of recovery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is marking of physical evidence important in an investigation?

<p>It helps in identifying and establishing the source of evidence in court. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument should be used for marking metallic ballistics evidence?

<p>A hard pointed instrument called a stylus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which marking technique is advised for distinguishing between evidence items?

<p>Using the initials of the investigator and the date of recovery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be avoided when marking evidence to preserve its nature?

<p>Altering the surface of the evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is it important to establish the chain of possession of ballistic exhibits?

<p>To meet the defense counsel's requirements in court. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to firearms or ammunition not reclaimed within five years?

<p>They are deemed abandoned and may be disposed of. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key reason investigators should take complete notes when marking evidence?

<p>To ensure there are no discrepancies during court proceedings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required from the next of kin of a deceased firearm license holder?

<p>They must deliver the firearms to the FEO of the PNP. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not delivering a firearm within six months after the licensee's death?

<p>The possessor becomes liable for illegal possession. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a person possess in order to legally own an antique firearm?

<p>A collector’s license from the FEO of the PNP. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does noncompliance with the registration of antique firearms result in?

<p>Illegal possession penalties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of registered firearms that a Type 4 License holder is allowed to own?

<p>Fifteen (15) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a citizen to obtain any type of firearms license under this act?

<p>Payment of required fees determined by the Chief of the PNP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which license type allows a citizen to possess a maximum of two registered firearms?

<p>Type 1 License (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can lawfully acquire or possess a light weapon according to this act?

<p>Authorized law enforcement agencies only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the registration process for firearms as defined in this act?

<p>To ensure ownership is transparent and traceable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For Types 3 to 5 licenses, what must citizens comply with in addition to possession requirements?

<p>Inspection and bond requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the registration process for a firearm under this act?

<p>A certificate of registration issued by the FEO of the PNP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional requirement is needed specifically for Type 5 License holders?

<p>Proof of being a certified gun collector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be proven for illegal possession of firearms to be established in relation to explosives?

<p>Verification of the grenade by the PNP Firearms and Explosives Unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under P.D. No. 1866 as amended by R.A. No. 8294, what happens when a firearm is used in a homicide or murder?

<p>Illegal possession of firearms is treated as a special aggravating circumstance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes entrapment from the planting of evidence?

<p>In entrapment, the criminal intent must originate from the accused (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to issue licenses for firearms according to RA 10591?

<p>The Chief of the PNP through the FEO of the PNP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required in order for illegal possession of firearms to be considered in determining the criminal liability of an accused?

<p>The information must specifically state the illegal possession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal provision addresses the registration and licensing of firearms?

<p>RA 10591 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome for an accused who uses an unlicensed firearm in a murder case?

<p>Homicide or murder charges are primarily pursued, with possession as an aggravating factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a gun club?

<p>To propagate responsible and safe gun ownership (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must law enforcement officials do in the case of entrapment?

<p>Encourage the accused to commit a crime without prior intent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition accurately describes a gunsmith?

<p>An individual licensed to repair or assemble firearms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an imitation firearm?

<p>It closely resembles a real firearm in both appearance and coloration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who qualifies as a licensed citizen for firearm possession?

<p>Any Filipino who meets specific qualifications set in the Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'licensed, juridical entity' refer to?

<p>Corporations and organizations licensed to own firearms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of weapon does not exceed caliber 7.62MM?

<p>Assault rifles in fully automatic mode (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a long certificate of registration used for?

<p>Licenses for government agencies to use firearms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category does a submachine gun fall under?

<p>Class-A Light weapons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Protecting Evidence

Preventing contamination of evidence by protecting objects like food and blood.

Photographing the Scene

Taking photographs of a crime scene for documentation purposes.

Recording Witness Names

Identifying and recording the names of witnesses at the scene.

Separating Witnesses

Separating witnesses from the crime scene as soon as possible.

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Preliminary Witness Questioning

Conducting preliminary questioning of witnesses, suspects, and victims to gather initial information about the incident.

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Recording Personnel

Recording the names of all officially present individuals.

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Limiting Scene Access

Minimizing the number of people present at the scene.

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Initial Recording

The initial process of recording pertinent facts and details as soon as the investigator arrives at the scene.

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Marking Ballistics Evidence

The process of identifying and marking physical evidence, such as bullets or cartridge cases, to ensure proper identification and chain of custody.

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Stylus

A hard-pointed instrument used to mark metal or plastic evidence, such as cartridge cases or bullets.

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Fountain Pen

A pen used to mark paper-based evidence, such as paper cartridge cases or shells.

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Distinctive Marks for Evidence

Distinctive markings, like initials, dates, and victim's initials, used to identify and track evidence.

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Mark 'X'

A mark or symbol that is considered common and universal, generally avoided for evidence marking.

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Surface for Evidence Marking

The surface of the evidence where markings should be placed, minimizing alteration of its nature.

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Chain of Possession / Custody

Establishing a chronological record showing the possession and handling of evidence from its discovery to its presentation in court.

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Collecting Metal Fragments

The practice of collecting and storing metal fragments, like bullet fragments, at a crime scene. These fragments can be crucial for reconstructing events and linking evidence.

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Illegal Possession of Firearms

A crime where a person possesses a firearm without the necessary legal authorization. Involves both the act of possessing and the absence of a license.

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Illegal Possession of Firearms

The act of possessing a firearm that is not properly licensed, this is considered a serious crime that can carry a heavy penalty.

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Qualified Illegal Possession

When an individual uses an unlicensed firearm while committing homicide or murder, it becomes a special aggravating circumstance instead of a separate crime. This means the severity of the crime is increased even further due to the illegal firearm.

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Entrapment

The act of tricking or enticing someone into committing a crime that they wouldn't have otherwise committed, with the intent to catch them.

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Planting Evidence

The act of planting fake evidence on someone to falsely accuse them of a crime.

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Firearm Registration and Licensing

The process of getting the necessary permissions to own a firearm, involving both the application and the approval by authorities.

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Firearms Licensing Authority

The individual responsible for issuing licenses to individuals who meet the qualifications to possess firearms.

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Qualifications for Firearm License

Individuals who are eligible to apply for a firearm license must meet certain requirements and pass a background check.

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Antique Firearm Possession

The act of possessing an antique firearm requires registration and a collector's license from the FEO of the PNP.

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Type 1 License

A citizen who holds a Type 1 license is allowed to possess a maximum of two legally registered firearms. This type of license is the most basic level of firearm ownership for individuals.

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Type 2 License

A citizen holding a Type 2 license has the privilege of owning up to five registered firearms. This grants them a greater capacity for firearm possession compared to a Type 1 license.

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Type 3 License

Individuals with a Type 3 license are permitted to own and possess a maximum of ten registered firearms. This license allows for a larger collection of firearms compared to lower-level licenses.

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Type 4 License

A Type 4 license grants individuals the ability to own and possess up to fifteen registered firearms. This license provides a considerable capacity for firearm ownership.

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Type 5 License

A Type 5 license is specifically designed for certified gun collectors and allows them to own and possess more than fifteen registered firearms. This license is reserved for individuals with a proven dedication to firearm collecting.

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Firearm Registration

The registration process involves applying, gaining approval, keeping a record, and monitoring the firearms with the FEO (Firearms and Explosives Office) of the PNP. The type of license determines the number of firearms you can register.

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Secure Firearm Storage

Licensed citizens or juridical entities who own firearms must store them securely in a vault, a locked container, or utilize other security measures to ensure safekeeping. This is a mandatory requirement.

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Firearm Classification and Ownership

The government regulates which types of firearms can be registered. Only small arms can be legally registered, while larger 'light weapons' are reserved for authorized government agencies.

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Gun Club

An organization officially recognized by the Philippine National Police (PNP) for promoting safe gun ownership, proper firearm use, sports shooting, self-defense, and firearm collecting.

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Gunsmith

A person or business legally authorized by the PNP to repair, construct, or assemble firearms.

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Imitation Firearm

A replica that looks so real it could be mistaken for an actual firearm.

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Licensed Citizen

A Filipino citizen who meets legal requirements and has a license to own and carry firearms outside their home.

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Licensed Juridical Entity

Organizations, businesses, and government entities permitted by law to own and possess firearms.

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Light Weapon (Class A)

Weapons with fully automatic firing capabilities, including pistols, rifles, submachine guns, and machine guns.

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Light Weapon (Class B)

Weapons designed for use by multiple people, including heavy machine guns, grenade launchers, and portable anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons.

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Long Certificate of Registration

A license issued to government agencies or corporations for firearms used by their qualified officials and employees, excluding security guards.

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Study Notes

Firearms Examination Equipment

  • Firearms examiners use microscopes, measuring tools, testing tools, and balances for examination and comparison
  • Stereo microscopes are commonly used for initial examinations, providing magnification from 3X to 10X
  • Forensic comparison microscopes are crucial for comparisons, having two joined microscopes visible via a split screen
  • Most guns have unique identifying features even if not at the crime scene.

Identifying a Weapon

  • Bullet markings and residue can help determine gun type and modifications
  • Gunpowder and cordite leave burn marks and residue on victims and shooters
  • Mechanisms can be removed and reactivated
  • Gun barrels have grooves and ligatures that leave marks on shell casings, aiding in identification of make and model
  • Automatic/semi-automatic weapons eject the shell casing as fired, while revolvers retain them inside the barrel

Investigating Firearms

  • Ballistics experts can identify characteristics like rifling patterns, suppressor marks, shell casings, powder burn etc
  • Ballistics analysis can link crimes over extended time frames as many weapons change hands

Equipment in a Ballistics Laboratory

  • Comparison microscopes allow simultaneously observing magnified images of two fired bullets/cartridge cases
  • Bullet comparator microscopes are specifically designed for this task
  • Forensic comparison microscopes have various holders for various evidence items (bullets, cartridge cases, tools, firearms)
  • Comparison microscopes have multiple objectives for a range of magnification
  • A video imaging system assists with training and case documentation
  • Early comparison microscopes involved matched pairs of microscopes connected with a hairline that split the view

Other Forensic Equipment

  • Stereo microscopes are used for initial examinations of bullets and fired shells
  • Measuring projectors assess the dimensions of lands, grooves, diameter, and twist of fired bullets
  • Analytical balances are used to determine the weight of bullets, shots, and pellets, aiding identification
  • Helicometers are tubular instruments used to inspect barrel interiors and measure rifling
  • Chronographs are devices for measuring bullet velocities
  • Shadowgraphs, producing images on sensitive surfaces via X-rays or Gamma rays

Forensic Ballistics Problems

  • Seven problems related to firearm identification are outlined
  • Determining caliber, type, and make of firearm are key problems
  • Determining if a specific bullet or shell was fired from a suspect firearm is another crucial part of the process

Procedure at the Crime Scene

  • Steps to be followed upon arrival at a crime scene:
    • Note the date, time, and weather
    • Assess for living persons
    • Take photographs and sketches of scene
    • Preserve physical evidence
  • Procedures for recording physical evidence
  • Various methods of crime scene search such as strip method, double strip method, wheel method, spiral method, zone method
  • Importance of preserving physical evidence to prevent accidental/intentional contamination

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Forensic Firearms Examination - 6 Week 13-17 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge about the initial actions and procedures in a crime scene investigation. This quiz covers key aspects such as evidence collection, witness separation, and systematic search methods. Understanding these fundamentals is crucial for any aspiring forensic investigator.

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