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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of malnutrition?
What is the definition of malnutrition?
Which of the following nutrients are classified as macronutrients?
Which of the following nutrients are classified as macronutrients?
What percentage of energy from a balanced diet should ideally come from protein?
What percentage of energy from a balanced diet should ideally come from protein?
What is one essential requirement of health according to the World Health Organization?
What is one essential requirement of health according to the World Health Organization?
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the diet?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the diet?
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Which of the following best defines nutritional status?
Which of the following best defines nutritional status?
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Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble?
Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble?
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Which definition best describes 'Nutrition'?
Which definition best describes 'Nutrition'?
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What is the main purpose of the five food group system?
What is the main purpose of the five food group system?
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How much energy in a balanced diet should come from fats?
How much energy in a balanced diet should come from fats?
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Which food can be classified as a fruit?
Which food can be classified as a fruit?
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How does food consumption impact health according to the introduction?
How does food consumption impact health according to the introduction?
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Which of the following describes undernutrition?
Which of the following describes undernutrition?
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Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are developed using what type of research?
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are developed using what type of research?
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Which of the following provides energy and different types of fatty acids?
Which of the following provides energy and different types of fatty acids?
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Which aspect is NOT covered in the study of food and nutrition?
Which aspect is NOT covered in the study of food and nutrition?
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What is one function of food according to the content?
What is one function of food according to the content?
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What does RDA stand for in nutritional guidelines?
What does RDA stand for in nutritional guidelines?
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What role does dietary fat play in the body?
What role does dietary fat play in the body?
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Which term best describes the 'state of complete physical, social and mental well-being'?
Which term best describes the 'state of complete physical, social and mental well-being'?
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Which of these items is classified under sugars?
Which of these items is classified under sugars?
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What does RDA stand for, and what percentage of the healthy population does it adequately cover?
What does RDA stand for, and what percentage of the healthy population does it adequately cover?
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What is the purpose of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)?
What is the purpose of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)?
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What does the term 'malnutrition' refer to?
What does the term 'malnutrition' refer to?
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Which of the following best describes undernutrition?
Which of the following best describes undernutrition?
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What may result from poor nutrition combined with poor health?
What may result from poor nutrition combined with poor health?
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Why are Adequate Intakes (AI) used instead of RDAs for certain nutrients?
Why are Adequate Intakes (AI) used instead of RDAs for certain nutrients?
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What is a potential consequence of specific nutrient deficiencies?
What is a potential consequence of specific nutrient deficiencies?
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How do dietary traditions impact RDA recommendations?
How do dietary traditions impact RDA recommendations?
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What primarily causes overnutrition?
What primarily causes overnutrition?
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What is a significant health risk associated with obesity?
What is a significant health risk associated with obesity?
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How is Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated?
How is Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated?
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What does a higher BMI indicate regarding health risks?
What does a higher BMI indicate regarding health risks?
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What is the main consequence of overnutrition?
What is the main consequence of overnutrition?
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of obesity?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of obesity?
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In children, how is BMI assessed?
In children, how is BMI assessed?
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Which chronic disease is linked to poor nutrition that could be avoided?
Which chronic disease is linked to poor nutrition that could be avoided?
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What is the BMI range that indicates obesity class II?
What is the BMI range that indicates obesity class II?
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What nutritional status is indicated by a BMI below 18.5?
What nutritional status is indicated by a BMI below 18.5?
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Why is the BMI criterion modified for South Asian populations?
Why is the BMI criterion modified for South Asian populations?
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What is the primary role of food in human health?
What is the primary role of food in human health?
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Which of the following BMI values is classified as pre-obesity?
Which of the following BMI values is classified as pre-obesity?
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What factor does NOT influence food choices made by individuals?
What factor does NOT influence food choices made by individuals?
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Nutritional science primarily deals with what?
Nutritional science primarily deals with what?
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What BMI value marks the boundary for obesity in South Asian populations?
What BMI value marks the boundary for obesity in South Asian populations?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Food and Nutrition
- Daily food choices impact health, positively or negatively.
- Proper nutrition is essential for growth, development, and maintaining health throughout life.
- Diet depends on production and distribution, and determines population health.
- Key aspects studied include: basic terminology, nutrients, food groups, dietary recommendations, relationship between food, nutrition, and health, and BMI/Nutritional status.
Basic Terms Used in the Study of Food and Nutrition
- Health: Defined by the WHO as "complete physical, social, and mental well-being," not just the absence of disease. Includes optimal growth and development, maintaining body structure and function, disease resistance, and tolerance to environmental factors.
- Foods: Products of plant or animal origin providing energy and nutrients for body maintenance and repair.
- Nutrition: The study of foods and nutrients; their actions, and social, economic, cultural, and psychological interactions with food and eating.
- Nutrients: Chemical components of food providing energy, structural materials, and regulating agents.
- Nutrient Requirements: Minimum amounts of nutrients needed to support normal function.
- Nutritional Status: The individual's health influenced by and indicated by nutrient intake, metabolism, and levels.
- Malnutrition: Undesirable nutrition resulting from insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced nutrient intake. Includes undernutrition (insufficient) and overnutrition (excess).
- Phytochemicals: Non-nutrient plant compounds with biological activity promoting healthy function; considered part of functional foods.
Nutrients
- Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, needed in large amounts.
- Micronutrients: Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts.
- Carbohydrates: Major energy source (4kcal/g). Simple (glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose) and complex (starches, glycogen). Dietary fiber (cellulose, gums, pectins) is a complex carb resistant to digestion.
- Proteins: Complex molecules made of amino acids; 4kcal/g. Essential vs. non-essential amino acids. Animal vs. plant sources.
- Fats: Concentrated energy source (9kcal/g). Saturated fats, unsaturated fats; fats are necessary for fat-soluble vitamins and some metabolic functions.
- Vitamins & Minerals: Chemical compounds needed in small amounts for various bodily functions. Water-soluble vs. fat-soluble.
- Water: Crucial for many body reactions, delivering minerals and nutrients, and removing waste.
Food Groups
- Balanced diets consist of foods from five main groups for optimal nutrient intake.
- Cereals & Grains: Rice, wheat, provide energy, some protein, some minerals, B vitamins, and fiber.
- Pulses & Legumes: Beans, peas, lentils, provide protein, some fiber, and minerals.
- Milk & Milk Products: Milk, cheese, yogurt, provide protein, calcium, and some vitamins.
- Fruits & Vegetables: Wide variety, provide vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals.
- Fats & Sugars: Butter, ghee, oils, provide energy and essential fatty acids, sugars provide energy.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
- Research standards for appropriate nutrient intake based on age, gender, and other factors.
- Estimated average requirements (EAR): adequate for 50% of population.
- Recommended dietary allowances (RDA): adequate for the majority of healthy people to meet daily needs. Values consider safety margins.
BMI & Nutritional Status
- Body Mass Index (BMI): Measure reflecting weight relative to height to assess nutritional status and risk of health problems. Values indicate ranges for "normal weight", "underweight", "overweight", and "obesity”.
- BMI values vary according to ethnicity and demographic considerations, so BMI values should be interpreted with appropriate considerations.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of food and nutrition in this quiz. Understand the impact of daily food choices on health and the importance of proper nutrition across lifespan. Topics include nutrients, food groups, dietary recommendations, and the relationship between food, health, and nutritional status.
