Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the relationship between species and population?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between species and population?
- A population is a type of species with common ancestry.
- A species is a group of populations that can interbreed. (correct)
- They both are synonyms.
- A species consists of all the individuals of the same population.
Evolution is primarily driven by random chance, with no direction or purpose.
Evolution is primarily driven by random chance, with no direction or purpose.
False (B)
What is the crucial role of heritable traits in the process of evolution?
What is the crucial role of heritable traits in the process of evolution?
Heritable traits allow for characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction to be passed on to future generations, driving evolutionary change.
Science explains the diversity of life by stating that organisms share characteristics of structure and function because they are ______ to one another.
Science explains the diversity of life by stating that organisms share characteristics of structure and function because they are ______ to one another.
Match the following scientists with their contributions to the theory of evolution:
Match the following scientists with their contributions to the theory of evolution:
Which of the following statements accurately describes a 'scientific theory'?
Which of the following statements accurately describes a 'scientific theory'?
The term 'species' refers to any group of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
The term 'species' refers to any group of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
What role does reproductive isolation play in the formation of new species?
What role does reproductive isolation play in the formation of new species?
The process by which organisms change over time as a result of cumulative changes in heritable traits is known as ______.
The process by which organisms change over time as a result of cumulative changes in heritable traits is known as ______.
Match the following terms to their descriptions in relation to evolutionary biology:
Match the following terms to their descriptions in relation to evolutionary biology:
What does the concept of 'common ancestry' imply in the context of evolution?
What does the concept of 'common ancestry' imply in the context of evolution?
Natural selection guarantees that a species will perfectly adapt to its environment.
Natural selection guarantees that a species will perfectly adapt to its environment.
How do mutation and sexual reproduction contribute to the variation within a population?
How do mutation and sexual reproduction contribute to the variation within a population?
The survival and reproduction of individuals in a population that possess traits best suited to the environment is termed ______.
The survival and reproduction of individuals in a population that possess traits best suited to the environment is termed ______.
Match the following concepts to their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following concepts to their corresponding descriptions:
Which of the following is a condition required for natural selection to occur?
Which of the following is a condition required for natural selection to occur?
Descent with modification suggests that populations are immutable and do not change over time.
Descent with modification suggests that populations are immutable and do not change over time.
What role does the environment play in the process of natural selection?
What role does the environment play in the process of natural selection?
According to Darwin's theory, organisms produce far greater progeny than will ever give rise to mature individuals, this refers to ______.
According to Darwin's theory, organisms produce far greater progeny than will ever give rise to mature individuals, this refers to ______.
Match the following sources of variation with their descriptions:
Match the following sources of variation with their descriptions:
Which concept introduced by Darwin describes how evolution happens?
Which concept introduced by Darwin describes how evolution happens?
Two organisms of different species living in the same habitat may be members of the same population.
Two organisms of different species living in the same habitat may be members of the same population.
Define the term cumulative change.
Define the term cumulative change.
Many different organisms share common features, which scientists explain by stating different organisms are ______ to one another.
Many different organisms share common features, which scientists explain by stating different organisms are ______ to one another.
Match these key principles with a summary of their meaning.
Match these key principles with a summary of their meaning.
What evidence did Darwin use in developing the evolutionary theory?
What evidence did Darwin use in developing the evolutionary theory?
Common ancestry refers to the origins with similar genetic codes, but not anatomical structures.
Common ancestry refers to the origins with similar genetic codes, but not anatomical structures.
Compare evolution with natural selection.
Compare evolution with natural selection.
A great example of natural selection is the industrial revolution causing tree bark to darken and therefore the ______ moths to dominate.
A great example of natural selection is the industrial revolution causing tree bark to darken and therefore the ______ moths to dominate.
Homologous structures are an example of what? Match the example to these concepts:
Homologous structures are an example of what? Match the example to these concepts:
What factors are responsible for variations in the genetic code?
What factors are responsible for variations in the genetic code?
Natural selection has four stages.
Natural selection has four stages.
What is descent with modification?
What is descent with modification?
Humans use ______ to make new, better breeds of animals.
Humans use ______ to make new, better breeds of animals.
Match this animal to it's modern breed
Match this animal to it's modern breed
What does it mean for two animals to be homologues?
What does it mean for two animals to be homologues?
Similarity in structures suggests an independent origin.
Similarity in structures suggests an independent origin.
What is a structure called when it has five digits?
What is a structure called when it has five digits?
The clearer the fossil record, the more ______ the evolution.
The clearer the fossil record, the more ______ the evolution.
Match these organisms to when they first appeared in the fossil record.
Match these organisms to when they first appeared in the fossil record.
Flashcards
Species
Species
A particular type of living thing with common ancestry that can interbreed and have morphological similarities.
Population
Population
All individuals of the same species living in a habitat at any one time.
Theory of Evolution
Theory of Evolution
A process where organisms change over time due to cumulative, heritable changes in a population.
Evolution
Evolution
Signup and view all the flashcards
Variation
Variation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Overproduction
Overproduction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mutation
Mutation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Meiosis
Meiosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adaptation
Adaptation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Descent with Modification
Descent with Modification
Signup and view all the flashcards
Homologous Structures
Homologous Structures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pentadactyl Limbs
Pentadactyl Limbs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fossil Records
Fossil Records
Signup and view all the flashcards
Horse fossil records
Horse fossil records
Signup and view all the flashcards
Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding
Signup and view all the flashcards
Melanism in moths
Melanism in moths
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Introduction to Evolution
- Evolution is essential for understanding biology
- The diversity and similarity of life are two key observations
Diversity of Life
- There are approximately 8.7 million different forms of life
Similarity of Life
- Different organisms share common features like bone structure and biochemistry
- Organisms have similar structure and function characteristics because they are related
Species
- A species is a particular type of living thing
- Species share a common ancestry
- Species are reproductively isolated
- Species interbreed to create fertile offspring
- Species share morphological similarities
- Examples include, tigers, wolves, lions and elephants
Population
- A population is all the individuals of one species in a habitat
- Examples include Homo sapiens living in Daejon and African elephants living in Tanzania
Theory of Evolution
- Evolution is a process of cumulative change in heritable traits over time
- All life shares a common ancestor
- The process of descent with modification gave rise to the diversity seen on Earth
- Scientific theories are substantiated explanations based on repeated observation and experimentation
Evolution and Ancestry
- All species share a common ancestry
- A species adapts to its environment
- One species can give rise to another
- Closely related species share more recent common ancestors
Explanation of Diversity
- 8.7 million species share the Earth
Explanation of Unity
- There is a sharing of common features like genetic code, building blocks, and biochemical pathways
Charles Darwin's Key Concepts on Natural Selection
- Natural Selection is how Evolution happens
Variation
- Individuals in a species aren't identical and exhibit characteristics or traits
- Traits are passes on to the next generation or "heritable traits"
Overproduction
- Organisms produce a higher number of progeny than will survive to adulthood
Sources of Variation
Mutation
- New alleles arise due to changes in the base sequence
Meiosis
- Crossing over and independent assortment promote variation
Sexual Reproduction
- Male and female gamete combination results in offspring with alleles from both
Natural Selection
Adaptation
- Adaption is the survival of the fittest
- Competition for food, space, and mates exist
- Better-adapted organisms survive and reproduce offspring
- Those that adapt poorly have fewer chances to survive
Descent with Modification
- Population with traits best suited to the environment are more likely to pass on their genes
- Over time the population will change to support the genes to suit best the environment
Homologous Structures
- Closely related species often have homologous structures
- Different animals have similar structures (organ or bone) but they function differently
- Example are mammels having forelimbs
- Bats have wings
- Whales have fins
- Dogs, rabbits and humans have arms
- This suggests common ancestry
Pentadactyl Limbs
- Pentadactyl limbs have five digits and a similar bone structure in vertebrates
- These vertebrates include amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
- All share a common ancestor
- Organisms adopted different locomotion types
Homologous Structures Evolution
- Structures shared among species evolved from a common ancestor and are termed homologous structures
Fossil Records
- Knowledge of the fossil record has improved significantly
- The evolution of different groups can be traced through fossils
- The fossil record shows changes in organisms over time
Fossil Records and Ancestry
- Fossil records illustrate the change of organisms over time
- Organisms descend from a common ancestor
- Simpler organisms appear earliest in the fossil record
- This contradicts the idea that all organisms were created simultaneously
Fossil Record of the Horse
- Fossils reveal that organisms change over time
- Fossils are in-line with the age of the fossil itself
- The changes are gradual
Horses and speciation
- Horse fossil records show speciation and evolutionary changes
- The Horse Evolution has many instances of speciation
- There are many different evolution intervals
Selective Breeding
- This involves the domestication of wild animals for desired traits
- Example wild boars to pigs
Melanism in Moths
- Darker moths were favored in polluted environments where lichens died.
- Predation reduced for the darker moths
- Darker moths therefore transmitted their genes to the next generation, yielding a larger proportion of dark moths
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
