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Questions and Answers
What does descriptive ethics focus on?
What does descriptive ethics focus on?
Which branch of ethics is concerned with how one should act?
Which branch of ethics is concerned with how one should act?
What term refers to actions that are morally right but not required?
What term refers to actions that are morally right but not required?
Which of the following terms is associated with behavior judged through nonmoral standards?
Which of the following terms is associated with behavior judged through nonmoral standards?
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In Kantian ethics, what is the main focus?
In Kantian ethics, what is the main focus?
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Which form of valuation relates to standards of beauty and art?
Which form of valuation relates to standards of beauty and art?
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What is the primary ethical consideration in utilitarianism?
What is the primary ethical consideration in utilitarianism?
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How is cultural relativism defined?
How is cultural relativism defined?
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Study Notes
Ethics
- Ethics are external rules or societal norms for conduct within a group or culture
- Morality is personal principles regarding what is right or wrong
Branches of Ethics
- Descriptive Ethics (Comparative Ethics): examines what people believe is right or wrong
- Normative Ethics (Prescriptive Ethics): deals with standards for how one should act
- Meta-Ethics (Analytical Ethics): explores the origin of ethical concepts
- Applied Ethics: the application of ethical considerations to specific areas of life
Kinds of Valuation
- Aesthetic: standards of beauty or taste in art
- Etiquette: polite/impolite behavior
- Technical: methods of doing things
Kinds of Action
- Morally Permissible: actions that are allowed but not required
- Morally Obligatory/Required: actions that are morally right and must be done
- Morally Supererogatory: actions that are praiseworthy and heroic but are not required
- Morally Prohibited/Impermissible: actions that are morally wrong and must not be done
Moral Dilemmas
- Situations requiring a choice between conflicting options, none of which are fully acceptable
Levels of Moral Dilemma
- Individual: judgments based on personal principles
- Organizational: judgments/decisions made by a social group
- Structural: judgments that affect a group or society's institutions/theoretical frameworks
Freedom and Responsibility
- Freedom: the ability to act without undue constraint
- Responsibility: accountability for one's actions and consequences
Reason and Impartiality
- Reason: the basis for actions, decisions, and convictions, using logic
- Impartiality: the idea that everyone's interests are equally important
Theories
- Utilitarianism/Teleological: assessing actions based on their consequences
- Kantian Ethics/Deontological: assessing actions based on their inherent rightness or wrongness, regardless of consequences
Culture
- Culture: a collective way of life and how people do things
- Enculturation: learning and internalizing cultural values and norms
- Acculturation: modifying based on another culture's traits
- Relativism: actions are right/wrong based on the culture
Inculturation
- Missiological process by which the Gospel is rooted in, and transforms, a particular culture
Ethical Terms
- Moral Norms: standards/prescriptions that define right/wrong actions
- Nonmoral Norms/Folkways: standards for judging actions that are not concerned with morality (good/bad)
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Description
This quiz covers the basic concepts and branches of ethics, including descriptive, normative, meta-ethics, and applied ethics. It also explores different kinds of valuation and actions based on moral principles. Test your understanding of ethical frameworks and moral responsibilities.
