Introduction to Ethics [1]

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Questions and Answers

What is important to do after making a decision?

Ignore the consequences of the decision.

Monitor the outcomes and modify actions as necessary. (correct)

Seek approval from others.

Stick rigidly to the original choice, regardless of results.

What might hinder a person's ability to modify their decisions?

Courage to accept mistakes.

A strong moral compass.

Awareness of cultural differences.

Pride in one's own reasoning. (correct)

Why might acting on moral standards encounter challenges?

People always praise moral actions.

All individuals share the same ethical beliefs.

Cultural differences can create conflicts. (correct)

Moral reasoning is always straightforward.

What should guide decisions when faced with conflicting interests?

One's own moral truth and previous experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What does the conclusion suggest about moral decision-making?

Standing by what is morally true is essential, despite challenges. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of considering impartiality in morality?

To account for all interests without prejudice. Signup and view all the answers

In the first step of the Seven Step Moral Reasoning Model, what is the main focus?

Understanding your place in the situation before deciding. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to clarify your goals in the moral reasoning process?

To ensure you do not sacrifice important goals for short-term desires. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of determining facts in the moral reasoning model?

Confirming the credibility of your information sources. Signup and view all the answers

What does the step of developing options encourage?

To generate a wide range of possible actions for any situation. Signup and view all the answers

In considering consequences, what should be filtered from the choices?

Ethical choices from unethical ones. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you are struggling to make a decision?

Seek advice from knowledgeable individuals with virtuous character. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is essential before making a moral choice?

Gathering sufficient verified facts. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes moral standards from non-moral standards?

Moral standards are fair and just. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a moral standard?

Taste in music Signup and view all the answers

What role do emotions play in moral standards?

They are associated with feelings of guilt and shame. Signup and view all the answers

How do moral standards prioritize decisions?

They take precedence over other standards. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of moral reasoning?

It is directed towards making judgments about what one ought to do. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a challenge to moral reasoning?

Decision making can be influenced by circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it stated that sometimes we should not deliberate in moral situations?

Immediate responses may be necessary in emergencies. Signup and view all the answers

What do non-moral standards typically involve?

Judgments based on personal taste or societal prescriptions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ethics' primarily focus on?

Systematizing and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'ethics'?

Greek for custom or character Signup and view all the answers

How do traditions influence ethical behavior according to the content?

They are often seen as unquestionable guidelines for actions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason people value cooperation over conflict?

It enhances human survival and flourishing Signup and view all the answers

What should be essential for true education according to Aristotle?

Educating the mind and the heart together Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of culture influences behavior and ethical standards?

A system of codes that shapes understanding of life Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant distinction made between 'gawa' and 'gawi' in Filipino ethics?

'Gawa' represents deliberate action while 'gawi' indicates inclination or habit Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the 'good' in society?

It is often defined by a dominant system or group Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Why Study Ethics?

Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that focuses on how to understand and live a good life, including understanding right and wrong behavior.
Aristotle believed educating the mind without educating the heart is not true education.

Traditional and Cultural Ethics

People often believe their traditions are unquestionable and serve as a basis for how they act.
Cultures shape how people understand the world and behave.
Cultures are systems of codes that define what a good life means and how to behave.
Traditions are a part of a culture.
The “good” is usually defined by a dominant system or group. This "good" is often what helps humans survive and flourish.
Cooperation is valued over conflict because it leads to survival.
People are also concerned with ethical acts that lead to human flourishing.

Ethics and Terminology

The term "ethics" comes from the Greek word "ethos," meaning "custom" or "habitual way of doing things."
The Latin word "mos" or "moris" is equivalent to "ethos" and means "custom" or "tradition."
Words like "gawi" and "gawa" in Filipino highlight the difference between thoughtless and instinctive actions versus purposeful actions with intent.

Moral vs. Non-Moral Standards

Moral standards deal with matters that seriously affect humans, animals, and the environment.
Moral standards are not established by authority figures and are based on principles of right and wrong.
Moral standards are overriding, meaning they take precedence over personal interests.
Moral standards are associated with emotions like guilt and shame, and vocabulary like "right," "wrong," "good," and "bad."
Non-moral standards are not based on right or wrong, but rather on personal preferences or a matter of taste.
Non-moral standards may be influenced by societal constructs.

Moral Reasoning

Moral reasoning is the process of deciding what to do based on principles of right and wrong.
Tacit reasoning involves thinking without consciously trying to reach an answer.
Emotions and feelings can be influential in moral reasoning, however, reasoning and logic set the course for making ethical decisions.
Situations and circumstances often influence moral reasoning.
Prejudice can cloud moral reasoning, so impartiality is important.

Seven-Step Moral Reasoning Model

The seven-step model offers guidance for making ethical decisions.
Step 1: Stop and Think: Reflect on the situation before acting.
Step 2: Clarify Goals: Identify short-term and long-term goals.
Step 3: Determine Facts: Gather all relevant information to make an informed decision.
Step 4: Develop Options: Consider alternative courses of action.
Step 5: Consider Consequences: Weigh the potential consequences of each option, both positive and negative.
Step 6: Choose and Make Decision: Make a choice and take action.
Step 7: Monitor and Modify: Review the outcome of your decisions and adjust if necessary.

Conclusion

Navigating ethical dilemmas is challenging, especially given diverse cultures and values.
Moral reasoning will be met with challenges and criticisms.
When faced with ethical issues, it's reasonable to act based on rational thinking, past experiences, and personal values.
Making decisions based on individual autonomy is essential.
Strive to uphold honesty, integrity, and moral truth in daily choices.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of ethics, including traditional and cultural influences on moral philosophy. This quiz delves into how various cultures shape perspectives on right and wrong behavior, emphasizing the importance of cooperation and human flourishing in ethical considerations.