Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes environmental science?
Which of the following best describes environmental science?
- A discipline focused solely on preserving natural habitats.
- The study of interactions between living organisms exclusively.
- The application of economic theories to environmental problems.
- An interdisciplinary field studying the impact of human activities on Earth's systems. (correct)
Why is it challenging to use a single environmental indicator to assess planetary health?
Why is it challenging to use a single environmental indicator to assess planetary health?
- Environmental indicators are not based on scientific data.
- There is a surplus of readily available environmental indicators.
- A single indicator can provide varying information based on location and time. (correct)
- Single indicators are too complex to interpret effectively.
How does the current rate of species extinction compare to the background extinction rate?
How does the current rate of species extinction compare to the background extinction rate?
- The current rate is approximately the same as the background rate.
- The current rate is significantly lower than the background rate.
- The background rate is no longer measurable.
- The current rate is up to 100 times higher than the background rate. (correct)
If the global human population continues to increase, what is an expected consequence?
If the global human population continues to increase, what is an expected consequence?
What is a key consideration in resource consumption for ensuring sustainability?
What is a key consideration in resource consumption for ensuring sustainability?
Which of the following is a primary human activity contributing to increased carbon dioxide levels?
Which of the following is a primary human activity contributing to increased carbon dioxide levels?
What is the major source of lead contamination in the U.S. today?
What is the major source of lead contamination in the U.S. today?
What is the purpose of a control group in manipulation experiments?
What is the purpose of a control group in manipulation experiments?
What is the value of repeating an experiment by different scientists?
What is the value of repeating an experiment by different scientists?
In the context of studying environmental systems, what is meant by 'system dynamics'?
In the context of studying environmental systems, what is meant by 'system dynamics'?
What characterizes an 'open system'?
What characterizes an 'open system'?
In system analysis, what does 'flux' refer to?
In system analysis, what does 'flux' refer to?
What defines a system that is in 'steady state'?
What defines a system that is in 'steady state'?
What adjustments are made in a negative feedback loop?
What adjustments are made in a negative feedback loop?
Which factor contributes to a population overshoot?
Which factor contributes to a population overshoot?
What is a key factor in determining biodiversity?
What is a key factor in determining biodiversity?
What underlies all biodiversity on Earth?
What underlies all biodiversity on Earth?
What are alleles?
What are alleles?
How does a mutation affect biodiversity?
How does a mutation affect biodiversity?
What is fitness in evolutionary terms?
What is fitness in evolutionary terms?
What is the process of adaptation?
What is the process of adaptation?
What is a bottleneck event?
What is a bottleneck event?
What are conditions in ecology?
What are conditions in ecology?
What are resources in ecology?
What are resources in ecology?
What is interspecific competition?
What is interspecific competition?
What is the central concept of niche?
What is the central concept of niche?
What is predation?
What is predation?
What characteristics do ecological communities have?
What characteristics do ecological communities have?
In a food web, what role do single-celled animals play?
In a food web, what role do single-celled animals play?
What are trophic levels based on?
What are trophic levels based on?
What is a keystone species?
What is a keystone species?
In an ecosystem, what are the biotic components?
In an ecosystem, what are the biotic components?
What characterizes a disturbance?
What characterizes a disturbance?
In what regions are tropical rainforests found?
In what regions are tropical rainforests found?
Most freshwater wetlands includes what percentage of all wetlands?
Most freshwater wetlands includes what percentage of all wetlands?
How does runoff influence Earth's water?
How does runoff influence Earth's water?
What role do green plants and phytoplankton have during the carbon cycle?
What role do green plants and phytoplankton have during the carbon cycle?
Atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by what means?
Atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by what means?
What characterizes point-source pollution
What characterizes point-source pollution
What can occur in an overfed body of water?
What can occur in an overfed body of water?
What is thermal pollution as a result of using water?
What is thermal pollution as a result of using water?
Flashcards
Environmental Science
Environmental Science
The study of the impacts of human activities on environmental systems.
Environmental Indicator
Environmental Indicator
A measure that reflects the environmental health of a system such as new tree growth indicating forest health.
Biological Diversity
Biological Diversity
Describes the diversity of genes, species, habitats, and ecosystems.
Species
Species
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mass Extinction
Mass Extinction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Keystone Species
Keystone Species
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sustainable Use
Sustainable Use
Signup and view all the flashcards
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gases
Signup and view all the flashcards
Scientific Method
Scientific Method
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mass Balance Analysis
Mass Balance Analysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Steady State
Steady State
Signup and view all the flashcards
Feedbacks
Feedbacks
Signup and view all the flashcards
Overshoot
Overshoot
Signup and view all the flashcards
Genetic Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Phenotype
Phenotype
Signup and view all the flashcards
Evolution
Evolution
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adaptation
Adaptation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Genetic Drift
Genetic Drift
Signup and view all the flashcards
Biomes
Biomes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Water cycle
Water cycle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carbon cycle
Carbon cycle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Polluted Nitrogen cycle
Polluted Nitrogen cycle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Point source pollution
Point source pollution
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sediments
Sediments
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thermal pollution
Thermal pollution
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generation electricity
Generation electricity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Non-renewable Energy sources
Non-renewable Energy sources
Signup and view all the flashcards
Coal
Coal
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fracking
Fracking
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Renewable energy
Renewable energy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Direct and indirect soloar energy
Direct and indirect soloar energy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Passive Soloar energy
Passive Soloar energy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Active solar power
Active solar power
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wind power
Wind power
Signup and view all the flashcards
A power sources issues
A power sources issues
Signup and view all the flashcards
Biomass around the earth
Biomass around the earth
Signup and view all the flashcards
energy efficency
energy efficency
Signup and view all the flashcards
Global climote change
Global climote change
Signup and view all the flashcards
Green house gasses
Green house gasses
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
What is Environmental Science
- It is the study of human activities and how they impact environmental systems
- Activities include large-scale actions, clearing land, overfishing
- These activities also include individual actions like driving or recycling
The Environment
- This is the sum total of all conditions and factors. Both living and non-living.
- Environment can be the area around an organism or person; scales in size from a pond to an ocean
- Local environment = Area immediately surrounding an organism or person
- Global environment = the sum of all aspects of the Earth
Interdisciplinary Aspects
- Environmental Science includes Biology, earth science, atmospheric sciences, chemistry, physics, demographics, and resources
- Hypotheses are tested with field and lab work
Systems
- System; set of components (living or non-) that connect
- A change in one part, affects another
- Earth is a system, as is an ant colony, or a farm
Environmental Indicators
- Environmental scientists monitoring impacts on environmental systems
- Indicator; a measure that reflects the health of the system in question
- No single indicator effectively assesses the whole planet
6 Categories of Environmental Indicators
- Biological Diversity: genes, species, Habitats
- Human Population Growth
- Food Production
- Resource Consumption
- Global Temperature / Greenhouse Gases
- Pollution Levels
Biological Diversity
- Approx. 1.8 million known species
- Number decreasing at a rate that rivals some extinctions events, ex; dinosaurs
The Interconnectedness of Systems
- Study relationships and interconnects.
- System dynamics is a concept of a system where one affecting another
Energy / Matter Exchange
- Envirionmental systems exchange matter (materials) or energy
- Example Material = Water
- Example fuels = oil and coal
Types of Systems (Open / Closed)
- Open: exchanges matter / energy between it / other systems
- Closed: no exchanges occur
- Earth; Open/Energy; Closed/Matter
- Ocean: Open/Both
Understanding System Flow
- Conduct a System analysis
- Determine whats going in and out: Whats changed
- Input/Output/Flux
- Pool is like an account balance (financial or water etc...)
Steady State
- Most important to learn if system is steady State; or Input/Output are equal; if pool is even there
- Many pools in nature are at steady State; including our Water levels or the oceans
Accumulation / depletion
- If not at steady state; determine the rate as to which its losing material
- Do so by formula
- Net flux = Inputs-Outputs
Feedbacks
- Control or regulation of flows
- Regulatory Mechanisms result in change
- Either leads to / or returns to original state
Negative Feedback Loop
- Behavior reverts system back to starting point
Positive Feedback Loop
- System will continuously be moved away from the point, often called cycles
Overshoot
- Natural-world systems experience delays which lead to this
- Exceeds a stable set point; is important in human / non-pop systems
- Over shoot can lead to populations passing the carrying capacity
- Over shoot may result to drastic population crash from Starvation to disease
Regulating Population Systems
- Population = group of individuals, that are same-species
- Size of a Population controlled by 2inputs and 2 outputs
- inputs = the number of births/amount of Immigration
- outputs = number of deaths/amount of emigration
Formula for Regulation
- Net Population = Input(Births + Immigration) minus Output(Deaths + Emigration)
- Population regulation comes from both abiotic & biotic components
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.