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Questions and Answers
What is the power consumption of a kettle mentioned in the content?
What is the power consumption of a kettle mentioned in the content?
Domestic energy use is measured in joules.
Domestic energy use is measured in joules.
False
How much energy is consumed to boil 0.5 liters of water in the kettle?
How much energy is consumed to boil 0.5 liters of water in the kettle?
198,000 J
1 kWh is equivalent to _____ joules.
1 kWh is equivalent to _____ joules.
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Match each state with its average daily domestic electricity consumption in kWh:
Match each state with its average daily domestic electricity consumption in kWh:
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Which of the following chemical reactions involves carbon and water to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen?
Which of the following chemical reactions involves carbon and water to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen?
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A steam power station requires more coal than water per day for a 4 Gigawatt power output.
A steam power station requires more coal than water per day for a 4 Gigawatt power output.
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What is the approximate percentage of electricity used in the industry sector?
What is the approximate percentage of electricity used in the industry sector?
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A power output from 3MW to _____ MW is considered for industrial gas turbines.
A power output from 3MW to _____ MW is considered for industrial gas turbines.
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Match the following electricity use sectors with their corresponding GWh consumption:
Match the following electricity use sectors with their corresponding GWh consumption:
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Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in the thermodynamics course?
Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in the thermodynamics course?
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The second law of thermodynamics can help determine impossible thermodynamic processes.
The second law of thermodynamics can help determine impossible thermodynamic processes.
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What is the absolute temperature scale commonly used in thermodynamics?
What is the absolute temperature scale commonly used in thermodynamics?
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The ______ cycle is a theoretical model that represents the most efficient heat engine.
The ______ cycle is a theoretical model that represents the most efficient heat engine.
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Match the following thermodynamic terms with their definitions:
Match the following thermodynamic terms with their definitions:
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What percentage of the grade does the final exam account for in the thermodynamics course?
What percentage of the grade does the final exam account for in the thermodynamics course?
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The first law of thermodynamics is only applicable to open systems.
The first law of thermodynamics is only applicable to open systems.
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What is one method by which hydrogen can be produced as mentioned in the content?
What is one method by which hydrogen can be produced as mentioned in the content?
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Study Notes
Course Description
- Introduction to engineering thermodynamics
- Topics include units, measures, thermodynamic systems (closed, open, isolated), and first law of thermodynamics for closed systems
- Calculations of boundary work and heat transfer
- Properties of pure substances for thermodynamic state determination
- Introduction to thermodynamic tables and ideal gases
- First law of thermodynamics for open systems
- Second law of thermodynamics, absolute temperature scale, heat engine and refrigeration cycles
- Carnot cycle, Kelvin-Planck, and Claussius statements.
- Determination of allowable, reversible, and impossible thermodynamic processes and cycles
- Thermodynamics property introduction to entropy
- Calculation of entropy change and entropy generation for closed and open systems
- Introduction to isentropic processes and efficiency of devices
Approach
- Lectures
- Problem sheets
- Tutorials (numerical sessions)
- Problem sessions (open office)
- Supplementary notes
- Exams and assessments: Mid-Term 1 (25%), Project (25%), Mid-Term 2 (25%), Final Exam (25%)
Blackboard Resources
- Lecture presentations
- Numerical tutorials
Notes
- Review lecture slides on Blackboard before each lecture
- Take short notes during lectures, focusing on understanding concepts and examples
- Review notes/slides at breakfast the next morning
Recommended Texts
- Moran (Code/eBook) / Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, ETEXT
Feedback
- Discussions after quizzes in lectures
- Discussions in numerical sessions
- Discussions during lectures
- Feedback after project work
- General feedback after exams
Main Activities of an Engineer/Scientist
- Design and develop products/processes
- Improve existing products/processes
- Consider environmental and emissions issues
- Optimal use of available resources (energy, space, time)
- Production of H₂ by electrolysis of H₂O, steam-carbon reaction, and steam reaction
- Engineer frequently asks questions about chemical/physical process possibility, required energy, reaction/physical change extent, environmental impact, and process/system performance improvement
Introduction
- 1973 and 2012 World Energy Production Sources by percentage for major energy sources (nuclear, natural gas, oil, coal, hydro, and biofuels, other)
- 2014 and 2015 Electrical Energy Sources by percentage for major sources (renewables, oil, coal, nuclear, gas)
Where Does It Go?
- Sector by Electrical Use (GWh) and percentage of total use, including industry, transport, domestic, public administration, commercial, and agriculture
A Steam Power Station
- 4 Gigawatt power output requires:
- 36,000 tonnes of coal per day
- 160 million liters of water per day
- 12 cooling towers
- 22.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide annually
Gas Turbines
- Gas Turbines for Aviation
- Gas Turbines for Power Generation (4,922 kW or 6,600 bhp, with various specifications for pressure, kPa, temperature, C, and F)
Industrial Gas Turbines
- Power output from 3 MW to 500 MW
- Small, compact, and faster to build than coal stations
- Fast response to changing demand
Emissions is Your Fault!
- Everyday actions (kettle use, light use, etc.) increase electricity demand and hence emissions
Personal Energy Consumption
- 2.2 kW kettle power consumption
- 1.5 minutes to boil 0.5 liters of water
- Energy consumption = 2200 * 1.5 * 60 = 198,000 J
- Energy consumed and boiling water
- Water temperature start/stop
- Specific heat of water
- Mass of water
Anyone Row?
- Image of team rowing
What Does 200kJ 'Feel' Like?
- 2 km time trial on a rowing machine
- Mr/Ms - 2 km in 7 minutes
- Generating ~350W
- Energy dissipated = 7 * 60 * 350W = 147,000 J
kWh
- Domestic energy use measured in kWh
- Electric radiator (1 kW) converts 1000 W of electrical energy to heat (1000 J/s)
- 1 kWh = 3,600,000 J
- 25 times more energy than rowing machine
How Many kWh We Use Per Day?
- Multiple choice question about average daily kWh consumption in the US
US Annual Domestic Electricity Consumption
- Tennessee = 42 kWh/Year
- Hawaii = 17 kWh/Year
Can We Run Cars/Trains On Gas Turbines?
- 33% of respondents answered 'No', 'Yes', and '50/50' respectively for each topic
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics with this quiz. Topics cover thermodynamic systems, the first and second laws, and calculations related to heat transfer and entropy. Test your understanding of key concepts such as Carnot cycles and isentropic processes.
