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Questions and Answers
Which of the following accurately describes an embedded system?
Which of the following accurately describes an embedded system?
An embedded system can operate as part of a larger system.
An embedded system can operate as part of a larger system.
True
Name one characteristic of an embedded system.
Name one characteristic of an embedded system.
Application and domain specific
Which of the following is an example of a standalone embedded system?
Which of the following is an example of a standalone embedded system?
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A washing machine is an example of an application that is __________.
A washing machine is an example of an application that is __________.
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Match the following characteristics of embedded systems to their descriptions:
Match the following characteristics of embedded systems to their descriptions:
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Embedded subsystems can function independently.
Embedded subsystems can function independently.
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Name two examples of real-time embedded systems.
Name two examples of real-time embedded systems.
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What is a primary difference between general purpose computers and embedded systems?
What is a primary difference between general purpose computers and embedded systems?
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A hearing aid is an example of a general purpose computer.
A hearing aid is an example of a general purpose computer.
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An example of a networked embedded system is the _____ of things.
An example of a networked embedded system is the _____ of things.
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Match the following types of embedded systems with their characteristics:
Match the following types of embedded systems with their characteristics:
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What is one example of a general purpose computer?
What is one example of a general purpose computer?
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What is a characteristic of embedded systems designed to operate in harsh environments?
What is a characteristic of embedded systems designed to operate in harsh environments?
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An ________ system is a combination of computer software and hardware designed for specific tasks.
An ________ system is a combination of computer software and hardware designed for specific tasks.
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All embedded systems are distributed systems.
All embedded systems are distributed systems.
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with embedded systems?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with embedded systems?
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What is the primary function of sensors in an embedded system?
What is the primary function of sensors in an embedded system?
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A typical example of a _____ embedded system is an automatic vending machine.
A typical example of a _____ embedded system is an automatic vending machine.
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Which of the following is an example of an embedded subsystem?
Which of the following is an example of an embedded subsystem?
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Which of the following components is NOT typically found in an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)?
Which of the following components is NOT typically found in an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)?
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Compact size and light weight are less desirable features for embedded systems than bulky and heavy designs.
Compact size and light weight are less desirable features for embedded systems than bulky and heavy designs.
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What is a critical constraint in battery-operated applications?
What is a critical constraint in battery-operated applications?
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An embedded system typically needs to have low power utilization to avoid excessive __________.
An embedded system typically needs to have low power utilization to avoid excessive __________.
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Match the following quality attributes with their categories:
Match the following quality attributes with their categories:
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Which of the following is an example of a power-saving feature in embedded systems?
Which of the following is an example of a power-saving feature in embedded systems?
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Quality attributes of embedded systems are always functional requirements.
Quality attributes of embedded systems are always functional requirements.
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List one benefit of having measurable quality attributes in embedded system design.
List one benefit of having measurable quality attributes in embedded system design.
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The __________ is responsible for reading and validating the user's ATM card.
The __________ is responsible for reading and validating the user's ATM card.
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Which of the following statements about ultra low power components is true?
Which of the following statements about ultra low power components is true?
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What is often referred to as the 'brain' of an embedded system?
What is often referred to as the 'brain' of an embedded system?
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A microcontroller typically has a high clock speed and is designed for general-purpose computing.
A microcontroller typically has a high clock speed and is designed for general-purpose computing.
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What components are integrated into an Integrated Circuit (IC)?
What components are integrated into an Integrated Circuit (IC)?
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A microcontroller integrates a processor core, memory, and ______________ peripherals onto a single chip.
A microcontroller integrates a processor core, memory, and ______________ peripherals onto a single chip.
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Match the following components with their descriptions:
Match the following components with their descriptions:
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Which of the following optimizations is a characteristic of microcontrollers?
Which of the following optimizations is a characteristic of microcontrollers?
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Integrated Circuits can only perform simple functions.
Integrated Circuits can only perform simple functions.
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In what type of applications are microcontrollers commonly used?
In what type of applications are microcontrollers commonly used?
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An Integrated Circuit is usually made from ______________ material, commonly silicon.
An Integrated Circuit is usually made from ______________ material, commonly silicon.
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with microprocessors?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with microprocessors?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Embedded Systems
- An embedded system is a system where all components work according to defined rules, organizing tasks according to a plan.
- It combines computer software and hardware, either fixed function or programmable.
- Embedded systems can be independent or part of a larger system, typically designed for a specific task.
Six Characteristics of an Embedded System
- Application and domain specific: Designed for a single purpose.
- Reactive and real-time: Reacts to and processes events in real-time.
- Operates in harsh environments: Designed to withstand challenging conditions (e.g., high/low temperatures, vibrations, dust).
- Distributed: Components may be separate but function together.
- Small size and weight: Compact design is often necessary.
- Power concerns: Low power consumption is crucial, especially for battery-operated applications.
Application and Domain Specific
- General-purpose computers (e.g., laptops, smartphones) are not considered embedded systems
- Computers are designed for multiple tasks, while embedded systems are designed for a single task.
Classification of Embedded Systems
- Standalone systems: Function independently, without needing a network. Examples: cameras, watches.
- Networked systems: Connected to networks, enabling communication and data exchange. Examples include those in the internet of things (IoT).
- Embedded subsystems: Component parts of a larger system, not independent. Examples are microcontrollers within a larger appliance system.
General vs. Special Purpose Computers
- Comparing calculators (special purpose) to laptops (general purpose), the latter is much more expensive and capable of broader tasks than the calculator.
Small Size and Weight
- Compact design and lightweight are important attributes in embedded systems. Modern cell phones are a good example.
Power Concerns
- Reduced power consumption and heat dissipation are critical. Low power components such as low dropout regulators and controllers are employed to address the need for low power.
Operational Quality Attributes/Non-Operational Quality Attributes
- Embedded system quality attributes describe functionality and other requirements. These should be documented to ensure the integrity of the system.
Relevant Tools in Embedded Systems
- Microprocessors: The "brain" of the system, performing program instructions. They manage the system's operations with complex calculations and instructions.
- Integrated Circuits (ICs): Fundamental building blocks in electronics, with varying complexities (e.g., simple logic gates, complex processors).
- Microcontrollers: Specialized processors tailored for embedded applications, integrating memory, input/output peripherals on a single chip. These chips are efficient in resource use and commonly employed for applications needing low power consumption and real-time control.
Operation in Harsh Environments
- Embedded systems are designed to withstand extreme conditions like dust, vibration, storms, and temperature extremes.
Distributed Systems
- Distributed components work together in larger systems. A good example is an automatic vending machine where individual components (card reader, vending unit) work together.
Real-Time Systems
- Certain systems react to events as they happen in real time, as seen with flight control systems and anti-lock brakes.
Embedded System Building Blocks
- Transistors (e.g., NMOS, PMOS) are commonly used in integrated circuits to implement logic gates and memory.
- Microcontrollers have various internal components and are crucial for embedded systems.
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Description
This quiz will test your understanding of embedded systems, including their characteristics and applications. You will explore topics such as real-time processing, environment adaptability, and the importance of power consumption. Dive into the world of specialized computing devices designed for specific functions.
