Introduction to Embedded Systems and Cloud Computing

They bridge the physical and digital worlds by providing local processing and feeding data to more powerful systems for deeper analysis.

The power/energy wall limits the number of active circuit elements due to increased power consumption and thermal dissipation.

Data proliferation refers to the rapid growth of data generated and stored, making it complex for organizations to manage effectively.

<p>Embedded systems are designed to perform specific tasks within larger systems, while general-purpose computers can handle a variety of tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CMOS technology is reaching its limits in scaling, leading to a need for new technologies that are complex and costly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This shift emphasizes the importance of data processing and storage efficiency, as moving data can be costly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As dimensions shrink, circuit elements become more complex due to major structural changes needed for effective functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embedded systems serve as the backbone of edge computing by performing low-power, real-time tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark silicon refers to portions of a chip that remain inactive at any given time due to power limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The end of Dennard scaling and the slowing of Moore's law are major trends affecting embedded systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compute-intensive applications require efficient hardware and software components to handle increased demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Computing in memory' refers to processing data where it is stored, minimizing the need to transfer data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difficulty lies in translating new inventions into practical innovations that can be effectively implemented and utilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embedded systems improve safety and privacy by processing data at the edge, reducing exposure during data transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The computing continuum involves sensors, data processing, and storage where embedded systems refine data into useful information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high development costs challenge innovation in embedded systems and encourage exploration of alternative solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) connects the virtual and physical worlds through smart sensors that communicate data via gateways to cloud servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyber-physical systems directly interact with the physical world using actuators based on data analytics, while IoT systems typically do not involve human intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smart sensors gather data from the environment and facilitate machine-to-machine communication to generate significant amounts of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Machine-to-machine communication enables devices to share information autonomously, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of mobile computing models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive computing and big-data analytics help cyber-physical systems interpret and manage complex data from the physical world, even if it is noisy or incomplete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An actuator is a component that directly affects the physical world by implementing decisions made based on data analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus of computing has shifted from traditional interfaces to mobile computing models, emphasizing the integration of diverse devices and sensors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data analysis is essential for extracting useful information from the vast amounts of data generated by IoT devices, enabling better service delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major changes were the introduction of supercomputers and mainframes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cost of computing decreased significantly with the rise of personal computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dark silicon problem refers to the inability to power all transistors on a chip simultaneously due to power and thermal constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Network-on-chip facilitates high-speed communication between multiple cores, improving data exchange efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Future embedded systems are expected to become networked, allowing for interconnected and distributed solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security will be paramount due to the vulnerabilities posed by increased connectivity and data sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embedded systems will incorporate advanced algorithms and capabilities to manage diverse applications more efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key driver was the limitations imposed by the dark silicon problem on single-core processing units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nanotechnology enables giga-complexity, leading to unprecedented performance and functionality in embedded systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MEMS integrate mechanical and electrical components on a microscale, creating compact devices like sensors and actuators that interact with the physical world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy efficiency is crucial for battery-operated and energy-sensitive applications, ensuring prolonged operation and reduced power consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrating diverse components enhances system functionality, allowing for advanced data acquisition and interaction within specific application domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advancements in communication protocols and RF technologies facilitate seamless data exchange and connectivity across multiple devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specialized computing systems designed for specific tasks within larger systems, often with real-time constraints.

Requirements for tasks to be completed within strict time limits.

Processing data closer to the source (sensors, devices) instead of sending it to a central location.

A chain of processes from sensors to useful information, including data fusion, processing, and communication.

Focus on data handling and processing as opposed to computation-centric design.

Transistor performance improvements no longer occur uniformly as transistors shrink.

The rate at which transistors on a microchip double is slowing and may eventually stop.

The methodology of combining computational and memory functions in the hardware.

Transistor shrinking improvements have plateaued due to physical constraints, making further miniaturization challenging.

A phenomenon where parts of a chip are temporarily turned off due to power limitations.

Rapidly increasing volumes of data from various sources, requiring efficient storage and processing.

Applications requiring significant processing power, regardless of their specific type (embedded, mobile, datacenter).

Application demands efficient hardware and software components, irrespective of the application domain.

Applications must connect to other systems, either continuously or intermittently.

Many applications require global connections via the internet.

A system of interconnected devices that communicate with each other and with remote servers to generate and analyze data for better services.

Systems that directly interact with the physical world using actuators, based on data analysis from sensors.

Sensors in the environment that collect data and communicate it.

Specialized computing devices that connect smart sensors to remote servers.

Servers in the cloud that receive and process sensor data.

Components that directly affect the physical world based on data analysis.

The process of extracting significant information from sensor data for service improvements and physical world interactions.

A system with various separated, communicating components, usually without requiring human intervention.

A phenomenon where a significant portion of a chip's transistors cannot be operated at maximum frequency due to power and heat constraints, forcing some transistors to remain inactive (dark).

Processors with multiple processing units (cores) working together to improve processing speed and efficiency.

A network-based communication infrastructure for integrated circuits that connects different components (e.g., processors, memory) for faster communication.

Embedded systems that can communicate and work together through various networks, part of the Internet of Things.

Ensuring the protection of embedded systems from vulnerabilities as they become more connected and share data.

Expected to be networked, secure, and more complex, incorporating advanced algorithms and capabilities.

Historical advancements in computing hardware, from supercomputers to personal computers, notebooks, and mobile devices.

Functionality of computing devices from the past. including supercomputers and mainframes (prior to 1980s) and personal computers (1990s) and notebooks (2000s), mobiles (2010s

Embedded systems achieving incredibly high levels of sophistication and functionality through nanotechnology.

Embedded systems combining various components like sensors, actuators, and displays, working together for a specific function.

Embedded systems designed to be flexible and adaptable through software, allowing them to be easily tailored for specific applications.

Enabled by advancements in communication protocols and technologies, embedded systems can communicate with each other smoothly and efficiently.

A key focus for embedded systems, prioritizing low power consumption for long battery life or efficient use in energy-sensitive applications.