10 Questions
What is learning, according to the text?
A relatively permanent change in behaviour or knowledge as a result of experience.
What is the role of an expert teacher, according to the text?
To explain, demonstrate, listen, guide, support, and offer feedback.
What characterises an expert teacher's content knowledge, according to the text?
It is extensive and well-organised.
Why do effective educators tend to be effective at running their classrooms, according to the text?
Because they use evidence-based research to guide their teaching practice.
What type of research is focused on understanding the meaning of events to the people involved, according to the text?
Classroom ethnography
What is the primary goal of a single-group experimental study?
To determine the effects of a therapy or teaching method
What type of study allows researchers to introduce changes to participants and study cause and effect?
Experimental study
What is the range of correlations in correlational studies?
-1.00 to 1.00
What type of study involves a detailed observation and analysis of changes in a cognitive process over several days or weeks?
Microgenetic study
Which stage of human development occurs from birth to 2 years old?
Infancy
Study Notes
Learning and Teaching
- Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience.
- Influencing factors of learning: quality of teaching, student motivation, student engagement, and developmental readiness to learn.
- Teaching is the interpersonal effort to assist others to acquire knowledge, develop skills, and realize their potential.
- Teacher's role: explaining, demonstrating, listening, guiding, supporting, and offering feedback.
Expert Teachers
- Experienced and effective teachers who have developed solutions for common classroom problems.
- Characteristics of expert teachers:
- Identify essential representations of their subject.
- Create an optimal classroom climate for learning.
- Monitor learning and promote feedback.
- Are receptive to student affective attributes and needs.
- Set challenging goals and motivate students to achieve them.
Importance of Research
- Effective educators use evidence-based research to guide their teaching practice.
- Research methods:
- Descriptive studies: collect detailed information about specific situations using observation, surveys, interviews, recordings, or a combination of these methods.
- Classroom ethnography: a descriptive approach to research that focuses on the life within a group.
- Participant observation: a method where the researcher becomes a participant in the situation to better understand life in that group.
- Case studies: provide an in-depth investigation of an individual, group, organisation, or institution.
- Correlational studies: examine the statistical relationship between two variables, with correlations ranging from 1.00 to -1.00.
- Experimental studies: allow researchers to study cause and effect by introducing change to participants and noting the results.
- Single-group experimental studies: systematic interventions to study effects with one person or group.
- Microgenetic studies: detailed observation and analysis of changes in a cognitive process as it unfolds over several days or weeks.
Developmental Psychology
- Human development involves systematic age-related changes that occur across the lifespan.
- Stages of human development:
- Prenatal period (conception to birth)
- Infancy (birth-2)
- Early childhood (2-6)
- Middle childhood (6-10)
- Adolescence (10-18)
- Early adulthood (18-35/40)
- Middle adulthood (35/40-65)
- Late adulthood (65+)
This quiz introduces the fundamental concepts of learning and teaching, including factors influencing learning, teacher roles, and more.
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