Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is educational psychology?
What is educational psychology?
Educational psychology is a branch of psychology that specializes in understanding teaching and learning in educational settings.
Who emphasized the importance of observing teaching and learning in the classroom for improving education?
Who emphasized the importance of observing teaching and learning in the classroom for improving education?
Effective teachers emphasize what to learn over how to learn. (True/False)
Effective teachers emphasize what to learn over how to learn. (True/False)
False
Educational psychology draws its knowledge from broader theory and research in ________.
Educational psychology draws its knowledge from broader theory and research in ________.
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Match the following historical figures with their contributions to educational psychology:
Match the following historical figures with their contributions to educational psychology:
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What is the importance of research in educational psychology?
What is the importance of research in educational psychology?
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Study Notes
Educational Psychology: A Tool for Effective Teaching
- Educational psychology is a branch of psychology that specializes in understanding teaching and learning in educational settings.
Historical Background of Educational Psychology
- 1850-1950: William James, John Dewey, and E.L. Thorndike made significant contributions to the field of educational psychology.
- William James (1842-1910) emphasized the importance of observing teaching and learning in the classroom for improving education.
- John Dewey (1859-1952) viewed the child as an active learner, emphasized adaptation to the environment, and pushed for competent education for all children.
- E.L. Thorndike (1874-1949) initiated an emphasis on assessment and measurement of learning, promoting a scientific base for educational psychology.
Other Contributors
- Leta Hollingworth (1916) was the first to use the term "gifted" to describe students who scored exceptionally high on IQ tests.
- George Sanchez (1932) demonstrated that intelligence tests were culturally biased against minority children.
- Mamie and Kenneth Clark (1939) studied African American children's self-conceptions and identity.
Behavioral Approach
- B.F. Skinner (1938) introduced the behavioral approach, focusing on observable behavior and controlling conditions.
- 1950s: Programmed learning involved reinforcement after a series of steps until the student reaches a learning goal.
Cognitive Revolution
- 1950s: Bloom's Taxonomy of Cognitive Skills emphasized remembering, comprehending, synthesizing, and evaluating.
- 1980s: Cognitive psychology focused on memory, thinking, and reasoning to help students learn.
Teaching as Art and Science
- Teaching is both an art and a science, combining educational psychology's knowledge with a teacher's personal experiences and skills.
- Effective teaching requires a combination of science and art.
Effective Teaching
- Professional knowledge and skills include:
- Subject matter competence
- Implementing instructional strategies
- Setting high goals and planning for instruction
- Creating developmentally appropriate instructional materials
- Managing classrooms for optimal learning
- Using effective strategies to promote student motivation
- Communicating with students and parents
- Integrating technology into the curriculum
- Commitment and motivation include:
- Having a good attitude and caring about students
- Investing time and effort
- Bringing a positive attitude and enthusiasm to the classroom
Research in Educational Psychology
- Research is important for providing valid information about the best way to teach children, allowing objectivity, and making sense of expert opinions.
- Research methods include:
- Descriptive research (observations, case studies, ethnographic studies, focus groups, and personal journals and diaries)
- Correlational research (measuring the strength of a relation between two variables)
- Experimental research (experimental vs. control groups, independent vs. dependent variables)
The Scientific Research Approach
- STEP 1: Conceptualize the problem
- STEP 2: Collect information
- STEP 3: Draw conclusions
- STEP 4: Revise research conclusions and theory
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Description
Explore the basics of educational psychology, effective teacher attitudes and skills, and the importance of research in teaching. Learn how educational psychologists and teachers can conduct and evaluate research.
