Introduction to Ecology
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'ecology' refer to?

  • The division of science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their surroundings. (correct)
  • The analysis of energy flow in various ecosystems.
  • The study of the distribution of living organisms around the globe.
  • The scientific study of how ecosystems balance themselves.

Which option best describes a community in an ecosystem?

  • The physical and chemical environment where organisms live.
  • The total number of all the organisms in an ecosystem. (correct)
  • The total number of a single species within an area.
  • The interactions between different populations and their environment.

Which term describes the number of a single species in an ecosystem?

  • Community
  • Biodiversity
  • Ecosystem
  • Population (correct)

What is the main function of photosynthesis in producers?

<p>To convert light energy into food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What comprises an ecosystem?

<p>The living organisms and their physical/chemical environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ecosystem diagram, which layer represents a population?

<p>The layer showing a single species, like deer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In aquatic ecosystems, which organisms are primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

<p>Microscopic organisms like algae and cyanobacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical process allows plants to use the stored energy from sugars?

<p>Cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding plants that do not photosynthesize?

<p>They rely on fungi for energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source for organisms on Earth?

<p>Radiant energy from the sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of radiant energy is absorbed by the Earth's surface?

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process do producers primarily use to convert light energy into chemical energy?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is released as a byproduct during photosynthesis?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are primarily responsible for photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems?

<p>Algae and cyanobacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compounds do producers convert during photosynthesis?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chlorophyll in producers like plants?

<p>To capture light energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of the equation for photosynthesis?

<p>Glucose and oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of green plants in an ecosystem?

<p>To produce carbohydrates and oxygen through photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person holds their breath, which process is directly affected by the lack of oxygen?

<p>Cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen essential for animals?

<p>It allows the breakdown of food for energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disadvantage could a plant face due to its ability to perform photosynthesis?

<p>Higher competition for sunlight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance is commonly thought to be produced during the process of cellular respiration?

<p>Energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants utilize the products of photosynthesis?

<p>For various biochemical processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

<p>Energy flows in only one direction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for photosynthesis to occur in plants?

<p>Sufficient water and carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

<p>They break down organic matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cellular respiration in plants?

<p>To release energy stored in sugar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of cellular respiration?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cellular respiration considered a continuous process?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical is prevented from entering the body when you hold your breath?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Holding your breath results in a feeling of needing to breathe because:

<p>Cellular respiration is slowing down due to lack of oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation provides direct evidence that carbon dioxide is produced during cellular respiration?

<p>The limewater turns cloudy when you breathe into it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

<p>They are complementary processes that involve the conversion of energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of consumers in an ecosystem?

<p>To obtain energy by eating other organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are producers and consumers fundamentally different in their energy acquisition?

<p>Producers obtain energy from sunlight, while consumers obtain energy from other organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about cellular respiration?

<p>Cellular respiration releases energy stored in food. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ecology

The study of how living organisms interact with their surroundings.

Ecosystem

A collection of all living things and their non-living environment in a specific area.

Population

The number of individuals of the same species within an ecosystem.

Community

All the different species of organisms living together in an ecosystem.

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Abiotic Factors

Non-living components of an ecosystem, like air, water, rocks, and soil.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy (sugars) using carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

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Producers

Organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis, like plants and algae.

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Radiant Energy from the Sun

The primary energy source for life on Earth, including ultraviolet and visible light.

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Chemical Energy

The energy stored in the bonds of molecules, like sugars, which can be used for work, growth, and metabolic processes.

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Absorption of Solar Radiation

The conversion of radiant energy from the sun into thermal energy, warming the atmosphere, evaporating water, and creating wind.

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Chlorophyll

Green pigment found in plants and algae that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

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Atmosphere

The source of carbon dioxide used by plants in photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis Equation

A simple chemical equation representing photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + water using light energy produces glucose (sugar) + oxygen.

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Cellular Respiration

A process where organisms break down sugar (glucose) and oxygen to release energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

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Consumers

Organisms that get their energy by consuming other organisms (e.g., animals, humans).

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Energy Conversion

The process of converting light energy into chemical energy stored in food.

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Energy Flow

The movement of energy through different organisms in an ecosystem, starting with producers and flowing to consumers.

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Energy-Rich Substance

The sugar (glucose) produced by plants during photosynthesis, which stores chemical energy.

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Energy Release

The process that releases energy from food, allowing organisms to perform life functions.

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Plant Respiration

The process where plants use oxygen and break down glucose (sugar) to release energy, just like animals.

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Producers and Consumers

The cycle of energy transfer between producers and consumers, where producers capture sunlight and consumers eat producers to gain energy.

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Sugar (glucose)

The chemical compound that plants make during photosynthesis; it's a source of energy for plants and other organisms.

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Starch Storage

The process where sugars created during photosynthesis are converted into a more stable form (starch) to be stored for later use.

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Released Energy

This represents the energy needed for life processes in cells, such as growth, movement, and repair.

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2 )

A gas released as a waste product during cellular respiration and used by plants during photosynthesis.

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Oxygen (O2)

A gas needed for cellular respiration and produced as a waste product during photosynthesis.

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Water (H2O)

A liquid waste product of cellular respiration and used by plants during photosynthesis.

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Sugar + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

This word equation summarizes the process of cellular respiration.

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Study Notes

Key Terms

  • Ecology: The branch of science studying the relationships between living organisms and their surroundings.
  • Ecosystem: All living organisms and their physical environment. (Examples include: boreal forest, log, stream, under a rock)
  • Population: The number of a single species in an ecosystem.
  • Community: The total number of all organisms in an ecosystem.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of ecology in this quiz. Understand the relationships between organisms and their environments, along with key terms like ecosystem, population, and community. Test your knowledge on important ecological terminology and principles.

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