Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary function of DNA?
Which of the following best describes the primary function of DNA?
- Catalyzing metabolic reactions within the cell.
- Storing and transmitting genetic information. (correct)
- Facilitating the transport of molecules across cell membranes.
- Providing immediate energy for cellular activities.
What is the relationship between a DNA segment, a gene, and a trait?
What is the relationship between a DNA segment, a gene, and a trait?
- A gene codes for a DNA segment, which directly expresses a trait.
- A trait codes for a DNA segment, which in turn forms a gene.
- A DNA segment codes for a gene, which influences a specific trait. (correct)
- A trait is composed of multiple genes, each controlling a different DNA segment.
Who are credited with establishing the structure of DNA, with crucial support from Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images?
Who are credited with establishing the structure of DNA, with crucial support from Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images?
- Linus Pauling and Erwin Chargaff
- Gregor Mendel and Thomas Hunt Morgan
- James Watson and Francis Crick (correct)
- Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
What is the repeating subunit that forms a DNA molecule?
What is the repeating subunit that forms a DNA molecule?
Which components are included in a single nucleotide?
Which components are included in a single nucleotide?
According to the base-pair rule, which of the following pairings occurs in DNA?
According to the base-pair rule, which of the following pairings occurs in DNA?
If one strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-A-T-T-C-G-A-3', what is the sequence of the complementary strand?
If one strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-A-T-T-C-G-A-3', what is the sequence of the complementary strand?
Before cell division, DNA undergoes replication. What is the outcome of this process?
Before cell division, DNA undergoes replication. What is the outcome of this process?
How does RNA differ structurally from DNA?
How does RNA differ structurally from DNA?
During transcription, what type of molecule is produced?
During transcription, what type of molecule is produced?
If a DNA sequence is 5'-T-A-C-A-G-T-3', what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?
If a DNA sequence is 5'-T-A-C-A-G-T-3', what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?
What is the primary role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
What is the primary role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
How does mRNA direct protein synthesis?
How does mRNA direct protein synthesis?
In the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?
In the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?
What is a codon and what does it specify?
What is a codon and what does it specify?
During translation, a particular mRNA codon is 'AUG'. What amino acid does this codon specify, and what role does it play in protein synthesis?
During translation, a particular mRNA codon is 'AUG'. What amino acid does this codon specify, and what role does it play in protein synthesis?
Which process describes how mRNA is used to synthesize proteins?
Which process describes how mRNA is used to synthesize proteins?
Where do transcription and translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
Where do transcription and translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
What is the consequence of a change (mutation) in a single nucleotide within a coding region of DNA?
What is the consequence of a change (mutation) in a single nucleotide within a coding region of DNA?
A mutation in a gene results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. If the original codon was 'GGU' (Specifying Glycine), and the mutated codon is 'GGU', what most likely happened?
A mutation in a gene results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. If the original codon was 'GGU' (Specifying Glycine), and the mutated codon is 'GGU', what most likely happened?
What is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division?
What is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division?
In DNA replication, which of the following describes the role of the 'old' or original strands?
In DNA replication, which of the following describes the role of the 'old' or original strands?
Given the DNA template strand 3'-TTCAGTCGT-5', what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence after transcription?
Given the DNA template strand 3'-TTCAGTCGT-5', what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence after transcription?
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation that affects the shape and function of hemoglobin. Which of the following best describes the nature of this mutation?
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation that affects the shape and function of hemoglobin. Which of the following best describes the nature of this mutation?
Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, found in all cells and packed tightly within chromosomes in the nucleus.
What are genes?
What are genes?
Segments of DNA that code for traits.
What is DNA?
What is DNA?
A molecule with a double helix structure established by Watson and Crick.
What are nucleotides?
What are nucleotides?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the Base-Pair Rule?
What is the Base-Pair Rule?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is DNA Replication?
What is DNA Replication?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Transcription?
What is Transcription?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the function of messenger RNA(mRNA)?
What is the function of messenger RNA(mRNA)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a codon?
What is a codon?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Translation?
What is Translation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What can a change to a single nucleotide do?
What can a change to a single nucleotide do?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- DNA is the blueprint of life
- DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
- Genes are segments of DNA that code for traits.
DNA Location & Packaging
- DNA is found in all cells.
- It is packed tightly within chromosomes inside the nucleus.
DNA Traits
- Small changes in DNA can lead to big changes in traits.
- Some traits, like curly coats in dogs, are easily seen.
- Other traits, like the ability to taste chemicals such as PTC, cannot be seen.
Discovering DNA Structure
- James Watson and Francis Crick established the structure of DNA.
- Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images of DNA were crucial for determining its shape.
DNA Composition
- DNA has repeating subunits called nucleotides.
- Nucleotides have three parts: a phosphate group, deoxyribose (sugar), and a base.
- The bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
Base-Pair Rule
- Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T).
- Guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C).
- The sides of the DNA ladder consist of phosphate and sugar
- Hydrogen bonds hold the sides of the DNA ladder together.
DNA Replication
- DNA replicates via a process where it makes a copy of itself during cell division.
- The double helix unzips, and new bases (A, T, G, C) are added.
- Two new strands are created, each containing half of the original strand.
DNA vs. RNA
- DNA is a double helix found in the nucleus, containing deoxyribose.
- RNA is a single strand with three forms (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), containing ribose and uracil.
Transcription
- DNA is made into mRNA.
- RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
- mRNA leaves the nucleus and takes the code to ribosomes
Translation
- The message on mRNA is used to make protein.
- The shapes and composition of a protein determine its functionality
Quick Recap
- DNA is made into mRNA via transcription, which occurs in the nucleus.
- mRNA carries the code to ribosomes for translation, and amino acids form a protein.
Codons
- Each set of 3 bases on mRNA makes a codon.
- A codon corresponds to one amino acid.
How RNA Makes Protein
- RNA instructs ribosomes on what protein to build.
- Every 3 letters (AAA) specifies a single amino acid.
- Proteins are made of many amino acids.
Sickle Cell Disease
- Sickle cell disease results from a change (mutation) in a single nucleotide.
- This mutation leads to the wrong amino acid being produced, resulting in a protein with the wrong shape.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
