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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of chromosomes in relation to an organism?
What is the primary function of chromosomes in relation to an organism?
- To facilitate reproduction and maintain a species (correct)
- To produce proteins for cellular functions
- To determine the speed of cell division
- To serve as energy sources for cellular activities
Which process ensures that each daughter cell retains a complete set of chromosomes?
Which process ensures that each daughter cell retains a complete set of chromosomes?
- Meiosis
- Cytokinesis
- Mitosis (correct)
- Fertilization
What was the misconception about the number of chromosomes in human cells before the 1950s?
What was the misconception about the number of chromosomes in human cells before the 1950s?
- There were 46 chromosomes per cell
- The number of chromosomes varied per individual
- There were 48 chromosomes per cell (correct)
- Humans had no chromosomes in their cells
What is indicated by the presence of a Y chromosome in a human cell?
What is indicated by the presence of a Y chromosome in a human cell?
What is the term for the study of chromosomes and cell division?
What is the term for the study of chromosomes and cell division?
Why is chromosome behavior during meiosis critical?
Why is chromosome behavior during meiosis critical?
What are chromosomes primarily composed of?
What are chromosomes primarily composed of?
What was the key development in understanding human chromosomes that occurred in 1956?
What was the key development in understanding human chromosomes that occurred in 1956?
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Study Notes
DNA and Chromosomes
- DNA provides a blueprint for the formation and maintenance of an organism
- DNA is packaged into chromosomes, which are made up of tightly coiled long chains of genes
- Chromosomes can be visualized during cell division using a light microscope and appear as threadlike structures or 'colored bodies'
Structure and Function of Chromosomes
- Chromosomes are the factors that distinguish one species from another and enable the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next
- They ensure that each daughter cell retains its own complete genetic complement during somatic cell division in mitosis
- During gamete formation in meiosis, chromosomes enable each mature ovum and sperm to contain a unique single set of parental genes
Importance of Chromosomes
- Chromosomes are the vehicles that facilitate reproduction and the maintenance of a species
- They are essential for the study of cytogenetics, which is the study of chromosomes and cell division
History of Chromosome Research
- Before the 1950s, it was incorrectly thought that each human cell contained 48 chromosomes
- In 1956, more reliable techniques were developed, revealing that the correct chromosome number in humans is 46
- The presence of a Y chromosome, not the number of X chromosomes, determines maleness
- Abnormalities of chromosome number and structure can disrupt normal growth and development
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