Introduction to Developmental Psychology (Papalia)
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of individual differences in development?

  • They become less prominent in adolescence
  • They play a greater role in adolescence and adulthood (correct)
  • They become more prominent in childhood
  • They are eliminated in old age

    • What is the definition of maturation?

  • The impact of environment on development
  • The unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns (correct)
  • The process of learning and adaptation
  • The influence of nurture on development

    • What is the central debate in the continuity-discontinuity issue?

  • Nature vs nurture
  • Gradual vs sudden development (correct)
  • Stability vs change
  • Maturation vs learning

    • What is the primary factor influencing certain biological processes during development?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between development and heredity?

    <p>Heredity and early experiences in life influence development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of continuity in development?

    <p>Gradual, cumulative change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the nature-nurture debate?

    <p>The interaction between heredity and environment in development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of development throughout the human life span?

    <p>Characterized by nature and nurture, stability and change, continuity and discontinuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of discontinuity in development?

    <p>Distinct stages of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the universal aspect of development?

    <p>Rates and timing of development vary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Development and its Study

    • Human development refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of a person throughout their lifespan.
    • The study of human development has evolved over time, and its research findings have applications to education and social policy.

    Life Span Development

    • Life span development is a concept of human development as a life-long process that can be studied scientifically.
    • It comprises the entire life span from conception to death, and events such as the timing of parenthood, maternal employment, and marital satisfaction are also studied.

    Goals of Studying Human Development

    • The goals of studying human development are to describe, explain, predict, and intervene in the development process.
    • These goals involve describing the typical pattern of development, explaining why a child has a delayed language acquisition, predicting the likelihood of speech problems, and intervening with speech therapy.

    Domains of Development

    • There are three main domains of development: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial.
    • Physical development involves the growth of the body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health.
    • Cognitive development includes learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
    • Psychosocial development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

    Periods of the Life Span

    • The life span is divided into periods, which is a social construction.
    • Developmentalists suggest that certain basic needs must be met and certain tasks mastered for typical development to occur.
    • Life-span development is divided into four "ages": childhood to adolescence, prime adulthood, 60s to 79 years old, and 80 years old up to death.

    Influences in Development

    • The nature vs. nurture debate involves the role of heredity and environment in shaping development.
    • Heredity provides the genetic traits and characteristics, while the environment influences development from conception onwards.
    • Epigenetics is the tendency of genes to change as we develop or due to environmental influences.

    Stability vs. Change and Continuity vs. Discontinuity

    • The stability-change issue involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change.
    • The continuity-discontinuity issue focuses on the degree to which development involves gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages.

    Evaluating Developmental Issues

    • Developmentalists debate the extent to which development is influenced by nature, nurture, stability, change, continuity, and discontinuity.
    • Maturation is the unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns, and individual differences in innate characteristics and life experiences play a greater role as people grow and develop.

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    Description

    Explore the basics of human development, including its evolution, domains, and periods. Learn how individual differences arise and understand the principles of the life span perspective. Discover how research findings apply to education and other areas.

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