Introduction to Developmental Biology: Chapter 1

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What is the primary focus of embryology?

The study of animal development from birth to adulthood

The study of animal development from fertilization to hatching or birth (correct)

The study of plant development from germination to maturity

The study of cellular development from mitosis to meiosis

What is the term for the process of continuous change that generates a complex multicellular organism from a single cell?

Differentiation

Embryogenesis

Development (correct)

Morphogenesis

Which type of development is characterized by eggs being ejected by the mother, and young hatching from them?

Holoblastic cleavage

Viviparity

Oviparity (correct)

Ovoviviparity

What is the term for the cell division pattern in which the entire egg is divided into smaller cells?

Holoblastic cleavage Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of development that continues into senescence?

It is a progressive and continuous change Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with identifying the two major cell division patterns by which embryos are formed?

Aristotle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration in choosing a model system for studying embryonic development?

Organism size and generation time Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of embryogenesis does the mass of the embryo increase?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the process of gastrulation in embryonic development?

Formation of the three germ layers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is NOT a common model system used to study embryonic development?

Sea slug (Aplysia californica) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fusion of male and female gametes followed by the fusion of the haploid gamete nuclei to restore the full complement of chromosomes?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stages of development between fertilization and hatching (or birth)?

Embryogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of indeterminate growth in plants?

Growth that continues indefinitely Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of an insect larva transforming into a sexually mature adult?

Metamorphosis Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of development do the three basic cell layers of an embryo form, but do not rearrange through gastrulation-like movements?

Embryogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fertilization in a frog's life cycle?

To accomplish genetic recombination and reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the diploid growth stage in the alternating life cycle of plants and algae?

Sporophytic Signup and view all the answers

What is the invagination point where gastrulation begins in an embryonic development?

Blastopore Signup and view all the answers

What are the three distinctive tissue types that become segregated in the embryo during embryogenesis?

Dermal, ground, and vascular Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary axis of the embryo set up by during embryogenesis?

Primary apical-basal axis Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase of development characterized by the rapid division of cells without an increase in cytoplasmic volume?

Cleavage Signup and view all the answers

What is the species of weed that has a relatively small genome that has been sequenced and annotated?

Arabidopsis thaliana Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phase of development during which the neural tube is forming?

Neurulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of nutrient supply for the embryo during seed maturation?

Surrounding endosperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in developmental research?

To label cells and facilitate identification Signup and view all the answers

According to Karl Ernst von Baer's laws of embryology, what is the characteristic of the phylotypic stage?

It is a relatively invariant stage that constrains evolution Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion drawn by Darwin in On the Origin of Species regarding embryonic structure?

Community of embryonic structure reveals community of descent Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an embryo made from tissues of more than one genetic source?

Chimeric embryo Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of J.V. Thompson's discovery about larval barnacles and shrimp?

It demonstrated the similarity of larval forms across different phyla Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the introduction of exogenous DNA or a gene into a cell's genome through experimental manipulation?

Transgenesis Signup and view all the answers