Introduction to Demography Quiz

Demography is the study of the human population.
Three demographic processes responsible for population growth or decline are birth, death, and migration.
Fertility refers to the ability to have children, and fertility rate is the number of children born per couple or population.
Fertility rate varies between countries, with developed countries tend to have a higher fertility rate than developing countries due to greater wealth, education, and urbanization.

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another for a specific reason or reasons.
Push factors are reasons for emigrating (leaving a place) due to difficulties, such as food shortage, war, or flood.
Pull factors are reasons for immigrating (moving into a place) due to desirable conditions, such as a nicer climate, better job opportunities, or cultural attractions.
Types of push and pull factors include environmental, political, economic, and cultural.
Emigrants are people who leave a country to live in another, while immigrants are people who enter a country to take up a new residence.
Refugees are people who have been forced to leave their country to escape war.

Population growth is the increase in the number of people inhabiting a state or region.
Population growth rate is defined as how quickly the members of a group increase in number over a period of time.
Population change is calculated by the formula: Population change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration).
Recent increase in world population is due to medical improvements, decrease in death rates, and immigration to better-developed countries.

Economy refers to a large group of people sharing and using money, goods, and services.
Monetary refers to anything related to money, such as coins, bills, or digital money.
Tariff is a tax that countries charge when goods are bought or sold across borders.
Economic integration refers to the coordination of trade and monetary policies among countries.
Types of economic integration include common market, customs union, monetary union, and economic union.
A common market is created when countries promote duty-free movement of labor and capital among the group.
A customs union is created when countries remove all restrictions on mutual trade and adopt a common system of tariffs.