Introduction to CSS

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Questions and Answers

Which type of CSS is applied directly within an HTML element using the style attribute?

  • Inline (correct)
  • Embedded
  • Internal
  • External

The CSS property box-sizing: border-box includes the padding and border in the element's total width and height.

True (A)

In CSS, what property is used to control the stacking order of elements?

z-index

The CSS property that defines the space inside an element, between the content and the border, is called ______.

<p>padding</p>
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Match the CSS positioning values with their descriptions:

<p>static = Element flows normally. relative = Positioned relative to its normal position. absolute = Positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor. fixed = Positioned relative to the viewport (stays on scroll).</p>
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Which CSS selector is used to select all <p> elements on a webpage?

<p>p (D)</p>
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CSS is primarily used to define the structure and content of a webpage, while HTML is used for styling.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of the clearfix hack in CSS when working with floated elements?

<p>to prevent parent container collapse</p>
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In CSS, the term that describes the order in which styles are applied based on their source is known as ______ order.

<p>cascading</p>
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Which of the following color formats allows you to specify the opacity of a color?

<p>RGBA (B)</p>
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Using position: fixed on an element will keep it in the same spot on the screen even when the user scrolls the page.

<p>True (A)</p>
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What is the purpose of CSS pseudo-classes?

<p>style elements based on state or position</p>
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The space outside an HTML element is referred to as the ______.

<p>margin</p>
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Which CSS property is used to control the size of the background image?

<p>background-size (D)</p>
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In CSS, the universal selector (*) only applies styles to HTML elements and not to pseudo-elements.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the difference between display: none and visibility: hidden in CSS?

<p><code>display: none</code> removes the element from the document flow while <code>visibility: hidden</code> keeps the element's space</p>
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The CSS property used to specify the font of an element is called ______.

<p>font-family</p>
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What is the primary benefit of using external CSS files?

<p>They promote code reusability and maintainability. (D)</p>
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CSS specificity ensures that only one style rule is ever applied to an element.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Explain the purpose of the background-repeat property in CSS.

<p>specifies how a background image is repeated</p>
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Flashcards

What is CSS?

A language for styling and laying out web pages, separating content from presentation.

What is cascading order?

Specifies the order in which styles are applied, from global to specific.

What is inline CSS?

CSS applied directly within HTML elements using the style attribute.

What is internal CSS?

CSS defined within the <style> tag inside the <head> of an HTML document.

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What is external CSS?

CSS linked via an external .css file, promoting reusability and organization.

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What are CSS selectors?

Used to select HTML elements to apply styles.

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What is a class selector?

Selects all elements with a specific class attribute.

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What is an ID selector?

Selects a single, unique element identified by its id attribute.

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What is the universal selector?

Selects all elements on the page.

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What are pseudo-classes?

CSS that styles elements based on their state or position.

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What is margin?

Space outside an element. Affects element's distance from others.

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What is padding?

Space inside an element, around its content.

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What is a border?

A line around an element, between margin and padding.

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What is the box model?

A box that wraps around every HTML element.

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What is 'box-sizing: border-box'?

CSS property that includes padding and border in an element's total width and height.

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What is the float property?

CSS property to position elements to the left or right, allowing content to wrap around them.

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What is clearing floats?

CSS technique to prevent parent elements from collapsing when their children are floated.

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What is the position property?

CSS property that controls how an element is positioned in the document.

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What is static positioning?

Default positioning; elements flow in order.

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What is z-index?

CSS property that controls the stacking order of elements that overlap.

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Study Notes

  • CSS is a language for styling and layout of web pages, controlling elements like colors, fonts, and spacing.
  • CSS separates content (HTML) from presentation (styling).
  • selector { property: value; } is the basic CSS syntax.
  • Styles cascade in order of importance: inline > internal > external > browser defaults.

Types of CSS

  • Inline CSS applies styles directly within HTML elements using the style attribute.
  • Internal CSS is defined within <style> tags inside the <head> of an HTML document.
  • External CSS is linked to HTML files using the <link> tag, referencing a .css file.

Selectors

  • Element selectors target HTML elements directly, like p { ... }.
  • Class selectors target elements with a specific class attribute, like .classname { ... }.
  • ID selectors target a unique element with a specific ID attribute, like #idname { ... }.
  • The universal selector * { ... } applies styles to all elements.
  • Grouping selectors apply the same styles to multiple elements, like h1, h2 { ... }.
  • Pseudo-classes style elements based on their state or position.
  • a:hover { color: green; } changes the color of a link when hovered over.
  • li:nth-child(2) { ... } selects the second list item.
  • input:focus { ... } styles an input field when it's focused.

Colors and Backgrounds

  • Colors can be specified by name (e.g., red, blue), hexadecimal codes (e.g., #FF0000), RGB/RGBA values (e.g., rgb(255,0,0)), or HSL/HSLA values (e.g., hsl(0, 100%, 50%)).
  • RGBA and HSLA include an alpha channel for opacity.
  • background-color sets the background color of an element.
  • background-image sets an image as the background.
  • background-repeat controls how the background image repeats.
  • background-position sets the starting position of the background image.
  • background-size specifies the size of the background image.
  • background: #eee url("image.jpg") no-repeat center/cover; is a shorthand property for setting multiple background properties.

DIVs and SPAN

  • <div> is a block-level container used for layout and styling.
  • <span> is an inline container for styling text.
  • width, margin, and padding can be applied to <div> elements for spacing and sizing.

Margins, Padding, and Borders

  • Margin is the space outside an element.
  • Padding is the space inside an element, around the content.
  • Border is the line around the element, between the margin and padding.
  • margin: 10px; sets all margins to 10px.
  • margin: 10px 20px; sets top/bottom margins to 10px and left/right margins to 20px.
  • margin: 5px 10px 15px 20px; sets top, right, bottom, and left margins individually.
  • border: 2px solid black; sets the border width, style, and color.
  • border-radius: 5px; rounds the corners of the element.

Box Model

  • The box model consists of content, padding, border, and margin.
  • content-box is the default box-sizing, where width/height exclude padding and border.
  • border-box includes padding and border in the width/height.
  • * { box-sizing: border-box; } sets all elements to use the border-box model.

Floats

  • Floats position elements to the left or right, allowing content to wrap around them.
  • float: left; floats an element to the left.
  • Clearing floats prevents parent container collapse.
  • The .clearfix technique uses a pseudo-element to clear floats: .clearfix::after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; }.

Positioning

  • static is the default position, where the element flows normally.
  • relative positions an element relative to its normal position.
  • absolute positions an element relative to its nearest positioned ancestor.
  • fixed positions an element relative to the viewport, so it stays on scroll.
  • sticky is a hybrid of relative and fixed.
  • top, right, bottom, and left properties are used to adjust the position of positioned elements.
  • z-index controls the stacking order of elements (higher values appear on top).

Key Terms

  • Specificity determines which CSS rule applies, with ID selectors having higher priority than class selectors, and class selectors having higher priority than element selectors.
  • Flexbox and Grid are modern layout models.
  • Responsive design uses media queries to adapt layouts to different screen sizes.

Exam Tips

  • Understand the box model layers and how they affect element dimensions.
  • Know when to use margin versus padding for spacing.
  • Memorize the differences between absolute, fixed, and sticky positioning.
  • Practice writing complex CSS selectors.
  • Understand clearing techniques and layout issues with floats.

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