Introduction to CSS and Programming Languages
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Questions and Answers

What does CSS stand for?

Cascading Style Sheet

What is the main purpose of CSS?

To control the presentation and styling of web pages.

How many ways are there to insert CSS into HTML?

Three

External style sheets are ideal for applying styles to a single web page.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tag used to link an external style sheet to an HTML document?

<p><code>&lt;link&gt;</code> tag</p> Signup and view all the answers

An external style sheet should contain HTML tags.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are internal styles defined within an HTML document?

<p>Within the <code>&lt;head&gt;</code> section of an HTML document, using the <code>&lt;style&gt;</code> tag.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four CSS selector types?

<p>Element, Class, ID, and Pseudo selectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the . symbol indicate in a CSS selector?

<p>A class selector</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Pseudo selector?

<p>They apply styles to a user-activated state of an element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

A style sheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. It allows for styling elements across a webpage, from global to specific elements.

Cascading

The process where multiple styles applied to the same element are combined to produce the final appearance. Styles are applied according to specific rules.

Style

The visual aspect of a webpage, including colors, fonts, layout, and other presentation elements.

External Style Sheet

A separate CSS file that is linked to an HTML document. Styles are defined in the external file and applied to the HTML.

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Internal Style Sheet

CSS styles defined within the head section of an HTML document. These styles apply only to that specific HTML document.

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Inline Style Sheet

Applying CSS styles directly within the HTML element tags themselves. This style is less organized.

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Multiple Style Sheets

Using a combination of external, internal, and inline styles. The order and specificity of style rules determine which styles are applied.

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Selector

In CSS, a way to target and style certain HTML elements.

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Element Selector

Targets all HTML elements of a specific type (e.g., all paragraphs).

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Class Selector

Targets HTML elements with a specific class attribute value.

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ID Selector

Targets a single, unique HTML element based on its id attribute value.

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Pseudo-Selector

Applies styles based on specific states or conditions of an element (e.g., when the mouse hovers over a link).

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a:hover

A pseudo-selector that applies styles to an element when the user's mouse hovers over it.

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a:link

A pseudo-selector that applies styles to an unvisited link.

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a:visited

A pseudo-selector that applies styles to a link that has been visited.

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Cascading Order

The specific order in which CSS styles are applied when multiple styles are defined for the same element.

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Use HTML for content

HTML is used to structure and define the content of a web page.

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Use CSS for presentation

CSS is used to style and format the contents of a web page.

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Browser default

The style applied to an element by the browser if no other style is specified.

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External CSS file

A separate file containing CSS rules, linked to the HTML document.

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Internal CSS

CSS rules defined within the HTML document.

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Inline CSS

CSS rules are applied directly within HTML elements’ attributes.

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font-weight

Property used for controlling the boldness of text.

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background: color

Changes the background color of an element.

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Study Notes

Programming Languages

  • Common programming languages: Python, Java, C++, Perl, JavaScript, PHP
  • These languages are often visualized in diagrams to display visual relationships between various technologies and concepts.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

  • Objectives: To explain and introduce the concept and use of Client Side Script (CSS)
  • Cascading: Multiple styles may overlap to fully customize specific elements, following CSS cascading logic
  • Style: Deals specifically with the presentation of web pages—including colour, fonts, layout, and more
  • Sheet: Typically, a separate file from an HTML file, linked to the HTML file via the <head> tag (though exceptions exist).

Why CSS?

  • Enhances document appearance beyond typical HTML
  • Centralizes visual commands, reducing workload on HTML documents.
  • Enables using the same style across multiple pages for consistency
  • Reduces page download size.
  • HTML handles content and CSS handles presentation.

Referencing CSS from HTML

  • Employ the <link> tag within the <head> section to connect the external style sheet to the HTML file.
    • example: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="siti.css" />

CSS Syntax

  • Selectors: Choose HTML page elements.
  • Style Block: The block of code that applies styles to selected elements.
  • Style Values: Applied to selected element properties.
  • Typical structure: Selector { Property: Value; Property: Value; ... }

CSS Color Definition

  • Methods:
    • Valid Colour Names (e.g., blue)
    • HEX Values (e.g., #FFFFFF for white )
    • RGB Values (e.g., rgb(76, 175, 80) for a light green )

How to Insert CSS into HTML

  • Methods:
    • External Style Sheet: Ideal when applying styles to many pages by changing one file. The <link> tag in the HTML file's <head> area links to the external CSS file. The CSS file must have a .css extension . External CSS files cannot contain HTML tags.
    • Internal Style Sheet: Used for a single document with unique formatting. The <style> tag in the HTML file's <head> section includes the internal CSS rules.
    • Inline Style: Used sparingly; adding CSS attributes directly within the tag. Usually applied to individual tags to override external or internal styles.

Multiple Style Sheets (External + Internal + Inline)

  • Inheritance:If multiple style sheets apply rules to a selector, the more specific rule is used, overriding previous rules.
  • External styles, internal styles, and inline styles can be combined and prioritized.
  • Inline styles have the highest priority.

CSS Selectors

  • Types:
    • Element Selectors: Choose elements by type e.g (h1)
    • Class Selectors: Select elements with a specific class e.g (.legs)
    • ID Selectors: Select a single element with a unique ID e.g (#snout)
    • Pseudo Selectors: Select elements based on a specific state e.g (a:hover)

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Related Documents

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) Tutorial PDF

Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts of programming languages and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). You'll explore commonly used programming languages like Python, Java, and C++, alongside the attributes and benefits of using CSS for web design. Test your knowledge on how these technologies interrelate and enhance web development.

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