Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct syntax to link to an external style sheet from a web page?

  • <style src='url'></style>
  • <link stylesheet='url'>
  • <link href='url' type='text/css' rel='stylesheet'> (correct)
  • <link rel='stylesheet' href='url'> (correct)

Which of the following defines the correct order of style precedence when conflicts arise?

  • Inline styles > Embedded styles > External styles > Browser styles
  • Embedded styles > User styles > Inline styles > External styles
  • Browser styles > External styles > Embedded styles > Inline styles
  • User styles > Inline styles > Embedded styles > External styles (correct)

What happens when two conflicting styles have the same specificity level?

  • The first one declared takes precedence.
  • The most recent one declared takes precedence. (correct)
  • Both styles will be ignored.
  • Neither takes precedence.

If an external style sheet defines all h1 elements in bold green font, but an inline style sets an h1 to bold purple, what will be the displayed color of the h1 element?

<p>Bold purple (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the link element for an external style sheet be placed in an HTML document?

<p>In the head section (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an element's style if it does not have a specified style of its own?

<p>It will adopt the style from its parent element. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you override inherited styles for a specific element between a parent and its child?

<p>Specify a different style for the child element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method would you use to style an element identified by a specific ID?

<p>Utilize an inline style or an embedded CSS rule. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an RGB triplet?

<p>A representation of color intensity using a combination of Red, Green, and Blue values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What numerical range represents the intensity of colors in the RGB model?

<p>0 to 255 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can colors be defined for web design using color values?

<p>By specifying a triplet representing the intensity of three primary colors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When specifying a color using the hexadecimal method, what does '#FFFFFF' represent?

<p>White (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following colors can be created by the mixture of RGB values?

<p>Cyan, formed by combining Green and Blue with full intensity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using inline styles?

<p>They can be hard to update across multiple pages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using an external style sheet?

<p>Changes in the external file affect all pages linked to it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the following CSS syntax define? h1 {text-align: center; color: red}

<p>It centers all h1 headings and sets the text color to red. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which version of CSS was introduced first?

<p>CSS1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of embedded styles?

<p>Styles are placed within the head section of a document. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features can CSS1 control?

<p>Font size and type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the selector in CSS?

<p>To specify which element the styles will apply to. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the syntax style1: value1; style2: value2; represent?

<p>A collection of style properties and their respective values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'media types' refer to in CSS?

<p>Styles for various content formats, like print or screen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT supported by CSS1?

<p>Defining animation properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property is used to set the background color of an element?

<p>background-color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to fonts that are installed on the user's computer?

<p>Specific fonts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the property 'font-family: Arial, Helvetica, ‘Trebuchet MS’, sans-serif', what will the browser do if it cannot find 'Arial'?

<p>It will use 'Helvetica'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can font names that contain spaces be properly formatted in CSS?

<p>Enclosed in single or double quotation marks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'font-size' property accept?

<p>Length of measure with units, keywords, or percentage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five generic font groups supported by browsers?

<p>Modern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if none of the specified fonts in a 'font-family' declaration are found?

<p>The browser will display a default system font. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes how to define font size in CSS?

<p>font-size: either a length, a keyword, or a percentage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using relative units for font size in web development?

<p>They scale text based on the size of other elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an absolute unit for specifying font size?

<p>Ems (em) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a browser displays body text in a font size of 16pt, what will be the font size of an h1 heading styled as h1 {font-size: 3em}?

<p>24pt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the CSS property 'line-height' control?

<p>The space between lines of text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which keyword can be used to set a font size in CSS that is larger than the default size?

<p>large (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'text-decoration' property in CSS?

<p>To add visual decorations to the text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about kerning, tracking, and leading is true?

<p>Tracking adjusts the space between characters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the text-transform property is set to 'capitalize', what is the result?

<p>Only the first letter of each word becomes uppercase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the CSS property declaration 'font: italic small-caps bold 16pt/24pt Arial;', which element specifies the font size?

<p>16pt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the unit 'pt' stand for in font sizing?

<p>Points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets; a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of web pages.

Inline Style

A method of applying styles directly to HTML elements, within the element itself.

Embedded Style Sheet

A style sheet syntax that groups relevant style declarations within the HTML document's <head> section.

External Style Sheet

A style sheet file (e.g., filename.css) separate from an HTML document, containing the style definitions.

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Linking to external CSS

Using the <link> tag within HTML's <head> to connect an HTML document to a separate style sheet file.

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Cascading Order

The specific order in which styles are applied to elements when multiple styles overlap (different ways to style something).

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Inheritance

Styles in CSS can be inherited from parent elements to child elements; if not specified, a child element will use the parent element's style.

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ID Selector

A CSS selector using the '#' symbol to target elements by their unique IDs. For example, #myElement {color: blue}.

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RGB Color

A method of specifying colors in CSS using Red, Green, and Blue values. Each value ranges from 0 to 255.

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Hex Color

A method of representing colors in CSS using hexadecimal values (e.g., #FF0000 for red).

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Background Color

The color used to fill the area behind an HTML element.

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Font Family

Specifies the font type for text elements (e.g., Arial, Times New Roman).

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Font Size

Specifies the size of a font in different units like pixels, points, percentages etc.

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Font Weight

Specifies the weight or boldness of a font (e.g., normal, bold, lighter).

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Study Notes

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

  • CSS is a style sheet language used on the web.
  • It is the most common style sheet language.
  • The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) maintains CSS specifications.
  • There are several versions: CSS1, CSS2, CSS 2.1, and CSS3.

Applying a Style Sheet

  • There are three ways to apply styles to an HTML or XHTML document:
    • Inline Styles
    • Embedded Style Sheet
    • External Style Sheet
  • Each approach has advantages and disadvantages.

Inline Styles

  • Applied directly to the elements they affect.
  • Syntax: <element style="style1: value1; style2: value2; ..."></element>
  • Advantages:
    • Easy to understand and interpret.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Difficult to update or change if many pages are affected.

Embedded Styles

  • Collect styles together and place them in the <head> section.
  • Syntax: <style> style declarations </style>
  • Each declaration is in the format: selector { style1: value1; style2: value2; ... }
  • The selector identifies elements, and each 'style: value' pair specifies a style and its value.

External Style Sheet

  • Place all styles in a separate file (e.g., filename.css).
  • The file contains style declarations identical to embedded styles within the <style> tags.
  • Link this file from all website pages that need these styles.
  • This allows styles to be applied consistently across all linked pages.
  • Changing the styles in one style sheet automatically updates them in those linked pages.

Linking to an External Style Sheet

  • Use the <link> element within the <head> section of HTML documents: <link rel="stylesheet" href="url">.
  • The url specifies the location of the external style sheet.

Cascading Order and Precedence

  • Styles are cascaded (applied in a specific order) in the case of conflicts.
  • More specific styles take precedence over general ones.
  • Precedence:
    • Browser default styles
    • External style sheets
    • Embedded style sheets
    • Inline styles
    • User styles (highest precedence)
  • Within the same level of precedence, the style declared last has priority.
  • Example:
    • If an external style sheet sets all h1 elements to green and bold, but an inline style sets a specific h1 to purple and centered, the inline style overrides the external style.

Concept of Inheritance

  • If there is no conflict, styles are inherited from general levels to more specific ones.
  • If a style is not specified for an element, it inherits the style of its parent.
  • Example:
    • If an external style sheet sets all h1 elements to blue, this color is applied to all h1 tags unless a different color is specified in a more specific style location (e.g., inline style on a specific h1).
  • To override inheritance, specify an alternate style for a descendant element of the parent.

Applying a Style to a Specific ID

  • Use the # (hash) symbol to specify an ID in a CSS declaration.
  • This applies the style to elements with that specific ID.
  • Example:
    • #main {color: red} sets the color of any element with the ID "main" to red.

Colors

  • Representing Colors:
    • Color Value: A numerical expression defining a specific color.
    • Color Name: A word representing a color (e.g., "red").
  • RGB (Red, Green, Blue):
    • Each intensity is represented by a number between 0 (absence of color) and 255 (highest intensity), creating over 16.7 million colors.
    • CSS represents these intensities with an RGB triplet: rgb(red,green,blue).
  • Hexadecimal Coloring:
    • Uses six hexadecimal characters to represent each color, with two for each of the three primary colors.
    • Examples:
      • #FF0000 = Red, #000000 = Black, #FFFFFF = White.

Background Color

  • Use background-color: color to set the background color of an element.
  • The color can be a color value or color name.

Fonts and Text Styles

  • Font-family:
    • font-family: fonts
    • fonts is a comma-separated list of fonts that the browser can use.
    • Types:
      • Specific fonts: Actual fonts installed on the user's computer (e.g., Times New Roman, Arial).
      • Generic fonts: Grouping of fonts with similar appearance (e.g., sans-serif, serif).
  • Font Size:
    • font-size: length
    • Length:
      • Units of measurement: Millimeters (mm), Centimeters (cm), Inches (in), Points (pt), Picas (pc).
      • Keywords: xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large.
      • Percentage: Based on the font size of the parent element.
      • em: Based on the font size of the parent element.
  • Spacing and Indentation:
    • letter-spacing: value
    • word-spacing: value
    • line-height: length
    • text-indent: value

Applying Font Features

  • Font Style: font-style: type (normal, italic, oblique)
  • Font Weight: font-weight: weight (normal, bold, bolder, light, lighter, or numerical weight)
  • Text Decoration: text-decoration: type (none, underline, overline, line-through, blink)
  • Text Transform: text-transform: type (capitalize, uppercase, lowercase, none)
  • Font Variant: font-variant: type (normal, small-caps)

Combining Font Properties

  • Use font: font-style font-variant font-weight font-size/line-height font-family to combine most font properties.
  • Properties must be in the order listed.

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lecture-03-CSS.pdf

Description

Explore the fundamentals of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and learn about its various applications in web design. This quiz covers the methods of applying styles, including inline, embedded, and external styles, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

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