Introduction to Criminology

Study Notes

Criminology

Definition: Criminology is the scientific study of crime, its causes, effects, and social impact. It examines the nature, extent, causes, and consequences of criminal behavior.
Interdisciplinary Field: Combines insights from sociology, psychology, law, anthropology, and forensic science.

Etymology of "Criminology"

Root Words:
- "Crimen" (Latin): means "crime" or "offense."
- "Logia" (Greek): means "study of" or "science."
Historical Development:
- The term was popularized in the mid-19th century.
- Cesare Lombroso, an Italian criminologist, is often associated with early criminological theories focusing on biological determinism.
Evolution of Meaning:
- Initially focused on understanding criminal behavior and the criminal mind.
- Expanded to include societal responses to crime, criminal justice systems, and prevention strategies.

Key Concepts in Criminology

Types of Crime:
- Violent crime
- Property crime
- White-collar crime
- Organized crime
Theories of Crime:
- Biological theories
- Psychological theories
- Sociological theories (e.g., strain theory, social learning theory)
Criminal Justice System:
- Interaction between law enforcement, courts, and corrections.
Prevention and Control:
- Focus on crime prevention strategies and rehabilitation of offenders.

Criminology Overview

Criminology is the scientific study of crime, analyzing its causes, effects, and social impact.
It investigates the nature and extent of criminal behavior as well as its consequences.

Etymology of "Criminology"

Derived from Latin "Crimen" meaning "crime" and Greek "Logia" meaning "study of" or "science."
The term gained prominence in the mid-19th century.
Cesare Lombroso, an influential Italian criminologist, contributed to early criminological theories through biological determinism.
The concept evolved from focusing solely on the criminal mind to encompassing societal responses, criminal justice systems, and prevention strategies.

Key Concepts in Criminology

Crime is classified into various types:
- Violent crime involves physical harm to individuals.
- Property crime entails theft or damage to property.
- White-collar crime refers to non-violent crime for financial gain, often in business contexts.
- Organized crime consists of illegal activities conducted by structured groups.
Theories explaining criminal behavior include:
- Biological theories examine genetic and physiological factors.
- Psychological theories investigate mental processes influencing crime.
- Sociological theories, such as strain theory and social learning theory, assess societal influences on behavior.
The criminal justice system comprises three main components:
- Law enforcement agencies enforce laws and maintain order.
- Courts adjudicate cases and administer justice.
- Corrections manage the rehabilitation or punishment of offenders.
Emphasis is placed on crime prevention strategies and rehabilitation efforts to reduce recidivism among offenders.

Description

Explore the scientific study of crime through various lenses including sociology, psychology, and law. This quiz breaks down key concepts, definitions, and the historical development of criminology. Test your knowledge on the evolution of this interdisciplinary field and its implications on society.