Introduction to Crime Definitions

Mala en se = Acts that are inherently evil Mala prohibita = Acts declared bad by legal statutes Deviance = Behaviors that violate social norms Criminology = The scientific study of crime

Consensus perspective = Assumes agreement on laws in society Conflict perspective = Assumes disagreement on what the law should be Criminal justice = Refers to institutions like police and courts Deviance = Includes unusual behaviors both legal and illegal

State police = Enforces state laws and investigates major crimes Highway patrol = Focuses on enforcing laws on highways Local police = Handles law enforcement in city or town Federal agencies = Investigate crimes crossing state lines

<p>Limited jurisdiction = Authority to hear specific types of cases Geographic jurisdiction = Authority to decide cases in a specific area Concurrent jurisdiction = Authority shared by multiple courts Appellate jurisdiction = Authority to review lower court decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probation = Arrangement for offenders to comply with terms Jail = Houses individuals awaiting trial Prison = For individuals convicted of serious crimes Community service = Alternative sentencing option</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Murder = Mala en se Speeding = Mala prohibita Robbery = Mala en se Gambling = Mala prohibita</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Police = Enforce laws and maintain order Courts = Interpret the law and adjudicate cases Corrections = Supervise offenders after sentencing Defense attorney = Represents the accused in legal proceedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Murder = Universally considered wrong Robbery = Acts against individuals and property Drug possession = Varies by jurisdiction and law J-walking = Minor offense usually overlooked</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crime = Violation of the law Deviance = Behavior that strays from norms Criminology = Study of crime motivations Criminal behavior = Actions that violate laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probation = Monitored freedom for offenders Jail = Detention before trial for minor offenses Arraignment = Initial court appearance for charges Sentencing = Judicial determination of punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prison = Generally for individuals convicted of serious crimes and with longer sentences Parens patriae = A philosophical perspective that recognizes the state's obligation to intervene on behalf of its citizens Judicial waiver = Authority to transfer a juvenile case to adult criminal court Concurrent jurisdiction = Original jurisdiction shared by both adult and juvenile courts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statutory exclusion = Excludes certain juvenile offenders from juvenile court; cases go to adult court Comparative criminology = Study of crime patterns across various cultures Victim precipitation = Increased likelihood of victimization due to personal actions Compensation = Payments to victims of violent acts by the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parsimony = The fewest possible propositions or concepts Scope = The range of criminal behavior that a theory explains Logical consistency = The coherence of a theoretical model's concepts Testability = The ability to be scientifically tested through observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal ordering = Variable x precedes variable y Correlation or covariation = Variable x is associated with a change in variable y Spuriousness = Appearance of causation when caused by another variable Empirical validity = Support for a theoretical model by scientific research</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restitution = Ordered payment by the offender to the victim Victim impact statement = Formal statements given by victims in court Compensation = Payments to victims by the government Victim precipitation = Risk of victimization due to personal actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judicial waiver = Authority to transfer juvenile cases to adult court Concurrent jurisdiction = Shared original jurisdiction between courts Statutory exclusion = Juvenile cases automatically going to adult court Parens patriae = State's obligation to protect its citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testability = Can be empirically tested through observation Logical consistency = Makes sense and is consistent with known trends Temporal ordering = Helps determine causality Correlation or covariation = Requires consistent association between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative criminology = Studying crime across cultures Prison = For serious crime convictions Empirical validity = Research support for a theory Victim impact statement = Used in court for sentencing decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spuriousness = Other factors causing two variables to coincide Empirical validity = Support for a theory backed by research Parens patriae = State intervention on behalf of citizens Victim precipitation = Risk of becoming a victim due to actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prison = Facility for individuals convicted of crimes Restitution = Court-ordered payment to a victim Statutory exclusion = Prevention of juvenile court jurisdiction Judicial waiver = Transfer authority from juvenile to adult court</p> Signup and view all the answers