Introduction to Computing (CC100) Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between data and information?

Data provides context, while information does not.

Data is structured while information is unorganized.

Data is a collection of unorganized facts, while information is structured data. (correct)

Information is collection of raw data.

Which of the following capabilities does a computer possess?

It can perform arithmetic and logical operations. (correct)

It can process information at a low speed.

It does not require predetermined instructions.

It can only store data permanently.

Which of the following is an example of alphanumeric data?

A photograph of a cat.

The sound of a piano.

A video clip of a dance performance.

The character string @$%&*. (correct)

What is the correct order of steps in data processing?

Collection, Filtering, Sorting, Processing, Analysis, Presentation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data includes graphics or images?

Image Data Signup and view all the answers

Which industry utilizes CAD (Computer Assisted Design) software for developing vehicle parts?

Automotive Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of a Network Specialist?

Planning and installation of network hardware and software Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tasks does a Software Computer Programmer NOT typically perform?

Designing computer hardware components Signup and view all the answers

Which task is related to diagnosing timing anomalies?

Designing instruction pipelines Signup and view all the answers

What is one impact of computing professionals' decisions on computer systems?

They directly affect the performance of the systems. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following professions is primarily responsible for the design and maintenance of networks?

Network Specialist Signup and view all the answers

What is one key duty of computing professionals in industries like healthcare?

Recommending security policies Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution do computing professionals use to solve logical problems?

Software programs Signup and view all the answers

What role do Interface Design and Usability Testing Engineers primarily serve?

They help make software more user-friendly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

The simulation of human intelligence by machines. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Internet of Things (IoT) refer to?

Smart devices embedded with sensors for connectivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of security in computer networks?

To prevent unauthorized access to data and maintain confidentiality. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Big Data?

It refers to the collection that can be mined for predictive information. Signup and view all the answers

Which technology involves complete immersion into a digital environment?

Virtual Reality (VR) Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the combination of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)?

Extended Reality (XR) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Blockchain technology?

It records transactions with an immutable cryptographic signature. Signup and view all the answers

Which computer was the first operational electronic digital computer?

ENIAC Signup and view all the answers

Which generation of computers used transistors as a key component?

Second Generation Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant advancement proposed by Dr. John Von Neumann?

Storing programs in memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the operating speed for the first generation of computers?

Milliseconds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about integrated circuits in the third generation of computers?

They replaced transistors Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary input and output medium used by UNIVAC 1?

Magnetic tape Signup and view all the answers

Which generation of computers is characterized by operating speeds in nanoseconds or picoseconds?

Third Generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the memory capacity range for the first generation of computers?

2kb to 4kb Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of computer use?

Cybercrimes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first person to propose the concept of a modern computer?

Charles Babbage Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient device is considered one of the earliest forms of manual calculation?

Abacus Signup and view all the answers

What contribution did Lady Agusta Ada Byron make to computing?

Created a programming language named after her Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a data processing device used in ancient times?

Electromechanical machines Signup and view all the answers

The ABC (Astanasoff Berry Computer) is significant for what reason?

It was the first working model of an Electronic Digital Computer. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an advantage of using computers?

Accuracy Signup and view all the answers

What was a key development in mechanical data processing machines during the 17th century?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Computing Industry

The computing industry integrates technology in various sectors including real estate, automotive, finance, healthcare, and more.
CAD (Computer Assisted Design) software is essential in automotive manufacturing to identify defects in parts before production.

Careers in the Computing Industry

Computing professionals engage in tasks like designing systems, diagnosing issues, testing software, and analyzing network traffic.
Their decisions significantly impact system performance, directly affecting user welfare.

List of Professions

Computer Engineers: Develop hardware and software, design computing devices like Raspberry Pi and PCIe components.
Network Specialists: Ensure network security and administration, managing hardware/software installations and troubleshooting.
Software Programmers: Write, test, and maintain software; design logical structures for problem-solving.
Interface Design Engineers: Focus on user-friendly software design and usability testing.
Proposal Writers: Assist in crafting proposals for engineers, researchers, and scientists.
Web Designers: Oversee daily website design and creation.

Latest Trends and Technologies in Computing

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Develops machines that perform tasks requiring human intelligence like learning and problem-solving.
Internet of Things (IoT): Smart devices interconnected to exchange data, e.g., fitness trackers sending information to smartphones.
Cybersecurity: Protects organizational assets and maintains data integrity against unauthorized access.
Big Data: Encompasses vast data collections analyzed for insights on customer behavior.
Mobile Application Development: Focused on creating apps for mobile devices.
Augmented Reality (AR): Integrates digital elements into real-life views, like in games.
Virtual Reality (VR): Provides total immersion in a digital environment.
Mixed Reality (MR): Merges AR and VR for realistic digital interactions.
Extended Reality (XR): Covers AR, VR, and MR under one term.
Robotic Process Automation (RPA): Utilizes robots for repetitive tasks with high accuracy.
Blockchain Technology: Functions as a decentralized ledger, ensuring immutability of transaction records.

Capabilities of Computers

Execute arithmetic and logical operations.
Store and retrieve data via memory.
Process data at high speeds.
Operate autonomously based on preset commands.

Data vs Information

Data: Unorganized facts and figures without context.
Information: Structured data processed into meaningful insights.

Types of Data

Alphanumeric Data: Combines numbers, letters, and symbols.
Image Data: Involves graphics and pictures.
Audio Data: Pertains to sound and noise.
Video Data: Concerns moving images.

Data Processing

Process of transforming raw data into usable information via steps like collection, filtering, analysis, and presentation.

Advantages of Computers

Speed, accuracy, automation, multitasking, security, and cost-effectiveness are key benefits of using computers.

Disadvantages of Computers

Risks include improper use, hacking, cybercrimes, health issues, privacy loss, and environmental impact.

History of Computing

Earliest devices for data computation included fingers, stones, and clay tablets.
Abacus: An essential manual calculator with historical significance.
Mechanical Data Processing Machines: Innovations by Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz in the 17th century.

Computer Pioneers

Charles Babbage: Proposed the concept of a modern computer, known as the Father of Computers.
Ada Lovelace: The first computer programmer, with a programming language named after her.

Development of Computers

ABC: The first electronic digital computer developed in 1942.
ENIAC: The first operational electronic digital computer, developed in 1946.
UNIVAC I: The first commercially available general-purpose electronic digital computer, introduced in 1951.

Ages of Computers

Vacuum Tube Age (1951-1959): Marked the first generation of computers, with UNIVAC I as a significant example.
Transistor Age (1959-1964): Featured smaller, more efficient computers using transistors.
Integrated Circuit Age (1965-1970): Introduced ICs, enhancing computer performance and size efficiency.

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Description

This quiz covers the introduction to the computing professions, focusing on how various industries use computing technologies. Explore the influence of computing in sectors such as real estate, automotive, education, and more. Test your knowledge on the integration of computers in everyday business operations.