Computer Fundamentals (3)

Study Notes

What is a Computer?

A computer is a programmable device for storing, retrieving, and processing data.
It accepts input, processes that data, produces output, and stores results.

Types of Computers

Desktop Computer:
- Typically fits on or under a desk; includes a keyboard, monitor, mouse, and system unit/CPU.
Laptop:
- Portable computer powered by AC or batteries (NiMH, NiCad, Li-ion).
Hybrid Computer (2-in-1 PC):
- Features a detachable keyboard and a screen; combines laptop functionality with tablet portability (e.g., Microsoft Surface).
Netbook:
- Small, portable computer coining the term by Intel; approximately half the size of a traditional laptop.
Tablet:
- Mobile computing device that resembles a large smartphone, typically touchscreen-enabled, and about the size of a hardcover book.
Smartphones:
- Advanced cellphones that support internet browsing and software applications; uses touchscreens for user interaction.
Wearable Computers:
- Electronics worn on the body, multifunctional, designed for multitasking, often connect to smartphones, and have networking capabilities.

Five Main Components Needed for a Computer to Work

Motherboard:
- Central component that connects all parts of a computer, facilitating communication between them.
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
- Known as the brain of the computer; executes software and hardware instructions.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):
- A graphics card that enables high-end visual generation, essential for gaming and 3D modeling.
Random Access Memory (RAM):
- Volatile memory used for temporarily storing frequently accessed data to expedite program operations.
Storage Device:
- Permanent secondary storage; includes Hard Disk Drives (HDD) which have moving parts, and Solid State Drives (SSD) which are faster with no moving components.

Five Basic Elements of a Computer

Electronic:
- All computers require electricity to function.
Programmable:
- Computers must follow a set of instructions (programs) to operate.
Retrieve:
- Ability to access and retrieve stored information is essential for functionality.
Storage:
- Computers function as electronic filing cabinets, storing information for future use.
Process:
- Computers manipulate and transform stored information through various operations.

Four Basic Functions of a Computer

Input:
- The process of entering data into a computer, typically via a keyboard.
Processing:
- Manipulation and transformation of data into useful information, guided by software instructions.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of computer technology, including the definition of a computer and the various types of computers such as desktops and laptops. It aims to enhance your understanding of how computers function and their essential components.