1: Introduction to Computer Science
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Questions and Answers

What is identified as the first working electromechanically programmable fully automatic digital computer?

  • Z1
  • Turing Machine
  • Z2
  • Z3 (correct)

    • The Von-Neumann architecture separates the storage of data and instructions.

    False

    Who laid the foundations for modern computers?

    Alan Turing

    The control unit of a computer is responsible for ______ and ______ the instructions.

    <p>reading, writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements of a computer with their functions:

    <p>Memory (RAM) = Stores data and instructions Processor (CPU) = Processes programs and data Control Unit = Interprets instructions RW Head = Moves across memory locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Random Access Memory (RAM) characterized by?

    <p>Independent access time on memory locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fixed program computer processes information in a conceptual tape format.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology did Konrad Zuse develop during the years 1940-1941?

    <p>Z1, Z2, and Z3 computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the two lengths a and b are not equal?

    <p>The shorter length b is subtracted from the longer length a.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The procedure described will always terminate regardless of the values of a and b.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition ensures that the procedure will eventually lead to the lengths becoming equal?

    <p>Either a or b becomes shorter in each step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the algorithm, if c divides both a and b, then c also divides _______.

    <p>a - b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>a = The longer length used in subtraction b = The shorter length used in subtraction c = A common divisor of a and b algorithm = A step-by-step procedure to solve the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason this algorithm is effective?

    <p>It decreases either a or b in each step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The algorithm uses different names for the variables a and b as they change values.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the maximum common divisor of a and b at the end of the algorithm?

    <p>It coincides with the final values of a and b.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Control Unit in the Central Processing Unit?

    <p>Manage and coordinate the activities of the CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modern computers can process instructions at speeds measured in terahertz.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is described as having its own very fast memory for the CPU?

    <p>Registers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the von Neumann architecture, the _____ is responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations.

    <p>Arithmetic/Logic Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the von Neumann architecture with their functions:

    <p>Registers = Very fast memory for the CPU Bus = Data transfer pathways RAM = Volatile storage for data and programs I/O = Interfaces for user communication and external devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following computer models has a processing speed of approximately 5 × 10^9 instructions per second?

    <p>Raspberry Pi computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Machine language is a high-level programming language that is easy for humans to understand.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must programming languages do to effectively communicate with a computer?

    <p>Translate instructions into machine language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does syntax primarily deal with in spoken languages?

    <p>Connection rules for characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Semantics in computer programming is easier for computers to understand than syntax.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the end of a sentence in both natural languages and programming languages?

    <p>punctuation marks or semicolons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comments in C++ are marked by two leading _____.

    <p>slashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following programming concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Syntax = Connection rules for characters Semantics = Interpretation of program meaning Compiler = Tool that checks for incorrect syntax Annotations = Comments for human understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a compiler in programming?

    <p>To translate programs written in a programming language into machine code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding C++ syntax?

    <p>Semicolons separate statements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans can easily interpret syntactical errors in programming languages compared to computers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C++ is considered harder to learn than Python or JavaScript.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pseudo-code enable in programming?

    <p>It enables arguing about and communicating possible implementations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ISO/IEC standard in relation to C++?

    <p>It defines the syntax and semantics of C++.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C++ is well suited for _____ programming and high performance computing.

    <p>systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about C++ is true?

    <p>C++ requires careful resource management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C++ forces programmers to make explicit choices during programming.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of choice does learning C++ help prepare programmers for?

    <p>Switching to simpler programming languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a compiler do during the compilation of a C++ program?

    <p>Translates program text into machine language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compiler will always detect semantic errors in a C++ program.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the operating system play in programming?

    <p>The operating system organizes operations on a computer, such as file handling and executing programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The C++ program 'power8.cpp' raises a number to the ____ power.

    <p>eighth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the C++ components with their functions:

    <p>Editor = Creates and modifies program texts Compiler = Translates program text into machine language Machine Language = Language understood by computer hardware Operating System = Manages computer operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible outcomes of a C++ program during runtime?

    <p>Correct result, incorrect result, crash, or non-termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Semantical errors are always caught by compilers at runtime.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During compilation, what message does the compiler provide if there are errors?

    <p>Error messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Computer Science

    • This course covers computer science, from its origins to practical applications.
    • Computer science is the automation of intellectual activities.
    • Computer science is not the same as computer literacy.

    Algorithms

    • An algorithm is a series of instructions that solve a problem step-by-step.
    • Computer science algorithms are essentially simplified steps for a computer, as computers are not intelligent.
    • Euclidean algorithm is a practical application/example of an algorithm.

    Introduction

    • Computer science has evolved from theoretical mathematics to practical application.
    • Turing machines form the basis of modern computers.
    • High-level programming languages and tools are used for writing programs.

    Core Ideas

    • Core ideas cover the essential concepts of an algorithm, expressed in pseudo-code, and how a computer executes programs.
    • Pseudo-code, or "semi-detailed" representations are for humans, and instructions for computers are very specific to a computer's language.

    Three Levels of Abstraction

    • Three levels of abstraction allow for different audiences to understand a complex algorithm.
    • High-level abstraction (concise) provides the core idea.
    • Pseudo-code (semi-detailed) gives a more detailed explanation.
    • Implementation details (very detailed) are specific to language.

    Computer

    • A computer, as conceptualized by Alan Turing, is a machine for manipulating symbols stored on a tape.
    • A computer consist of hardware components: Memory, a processor, and I/O components which define the computer's "brains," memory storage, and connection with the outside world, respectively.
    • The von Neumann architecture is a major advancement in computer design, enabling the storage of both data and instructions in a unified memory space.

    Programming Languages

    • Programming languages are used to communicate instructions to a computer.

    • Machine language is very low-level and computer-specific.

    • Programming languages are layered (high-level to low-level).

    C++ Programs and Its Components

    • Every C++ program has a main function, which is the starting point.
    • Comments in a program, using // denote instructions for programmers, but not for the computer. They are ignored when the program is run.
    • Constants, declared with const can be read, but cannot be changed.
    • Input and output operations are handled using (external) functions that are included in a C++ program (e.g., std:: cout); they are not built into the language.
    • Variables (boxes for storing data) need to be declared with a type, and if necessary, initialized using an assignment operator.
    • Expressions, containing operators and variables, represent computation.

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    Introduction To Computer Science PDF Fall 2024

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of computer science, including its history, algorithms, and core principles. This quiz covers important concepts such as Turing machines, pseudo-code, and the evolution of programming languages. Dive into the automation of intellectual activities and see how well you understand these essential topics!

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