Introduction to Computer Programming

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Questions and Answers

What is the valid range of indices for an array with 12 elements?

0 to 11 (correct)

1 to 12

0 to 12

1 to 11

Which notation is used to initialize an array of integers with specific values?

new int[12] {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}

int[] monthSize = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31} (correct)

int[12] monthSize = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}

int[] monthSize = new int[] {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}

What should be avoided when working with arrays as indicated in the content?

Initializing arrays during declaration

Declaring arrays with less than 5 elements

Using separate, parallel arrays (correct)

Accessing array elements using their index

Which of the following is a correct way to declare an array of size 10 for storing bytes?

byte[] byteArray = new byte[10]; Signup and view all the answers

What method can be used to access the third element of an array named scores?

scores[2] Signup and view all the answers

What type of conversion occurs when a smaller data type is converted to a larger data type in Java?

Widening conversion Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the variable scope when a variable is declared within a method?

It has local scope Signup and view all the answers

Which operator will increment the value of a variable and return the new value?

++Loopctr Signup and view all the answers

What type of scopes are established when variables are declared inside a loop or conditional structure?

Block-level scope Signup and view all the answers

What does the shorthand operator 'x += y' do?

It adds y to x and assigns the result to x. Signup and view all the answers

In Java, what is the result type when performing arithmetic between an int and a float?

float Signup and view all the answers

When a variable's access modifier is changed, what aspect of its visibility is affected?

The scope remains the same Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following data types can be assigned a value without explicit casting when using widening conversion?

byte to short Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if an array index exceeds its bounds?

It will result in an ArrayOutOfBoundsException. Signup and view all the answers

How can the index error in a for loop that traverses an array be prevented?

By using '< array.length' in the for loop condition. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about array declaration in Java is true?

Both 'String[] arrayName' and 'String arrayName[]' are valid declarations. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to uninitialized arrays in Java?

Elements of primitive types are set to their default values. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to create a defensive copy of an array in Java?

Arrays.copyOf() Signup and view all the answers

What does the Arrays.copyOf() method require as its first argument?

The original array to be copied. Signup and view all the answers

When is it most necessary to make a defensive copy of an array?

When you don't intend to modify the original array. Signup and view all the answers

If an array is loaded but remains uninitialized, what state will its elements have?

Primitive types will default to specific values like 0. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Computer Programming (Algonquin College) - Final Exam Summary

Data Types: Java data types are classified as either primitive or reference types. Primitive types store values directly in memory, while reference types use references/IDs.
Primitive Types: These types are always lowercase and characterized by size, range, precision and format. Examples include boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double.
Reference Types: These are instantiated data types such as Scanner, String, Date, and Student (and more).
Booleans: Have only two values: true and false.
Chars: Stored as two-byte values; internally represent numbers (0-65,535). Cannot assign characters to strings (or vice versa).
Strings: Use double quotes; chars use single quotes.
Integers/Longs: Adding one to the maximum int/long value results in a negative number; assignments to byte/short variable types convert to integers. To use a 'long' value, append 'L' or 'l' to the number.
Floats/Doubles: Store decimal values, representing decimal and exponential components. Similar to large integers, there are large data types to support decimals (BigDecimal).
Scope: Variables declared inside a class have class-level scope; those inside a method are local scope. Block-level scope (if, else, switch or loops) is limited to a specific block.
Short-form Operations: These operations involve +=, -=, /=, *=, and %= , modifying variables and are performed on the right-hand side (RHS) of the expression before assignment to the left (LHS).
Prefix/Postfix Operators: Operators like ++ and -- can be placed before or after a variable (prefix or postfix); postfix executes after the expression, and prefix executes before the expression.
Widening Conversion: Converting from a small data type to a larger data type (e.g., int to long). Implicitly happens automatically in Java.
Casting: Converting a data type from one to another (e.g., float to int). Often explicit—cast is placed around the expression.
Constants: Using the keyword final creates constants that cannot be changed (e.g., final float ABSOLUTE_ZERO = -273.15).
Logic Operators: Java permits logical operations (AND, OR, XOR, and NOT) on boolean types. AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^), NOT (!).
Short Circuited Operations: AND (&), OR (|) operators in Java might not evaluate both operands.
Comparison Operators: Allow comparison of numbers (e.g., >, <, <=, >=, ==, !=).
Precedence and Associativity: Precedence determines which operations are performed first, and associativity defines the order of execution for operations with the same precedence.
Arrays: A sequential set of values of the same datatype. Elements accessed by index. Can be initialized at creation (e.g., int[] monthSize = {31, 28, 31, ...}).
Stack and Heap Memory: Stack memory is fast for temporary variables and method calls, while heap memory is for large objects.
Array Copy: The Arrays.copyOf() method is used to create a defensive copy of an array.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from the Introduction to Computer Programming course at Algonquin College, focusing on Java data types, including primitive and reference types. It details the characteristics of various data types like booleans, chars, strings, integers, and longs, offering insights essential for your final exam preparation.