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Questions and Answers
The Internet has only created opportunities for e-commerce and public discourse.
The Internet has only created opportunities for e-commerce and public discourse.
False
Computer forensics is concerned with the examination and analysis of digital data.
Computer forensics is concerned with the examination and analysis of digital data.
True
The automation of the printing process has decreased the integrity of data sharing.
The automation of the printing process has decreased the integrity of data sharing.
False
Types of Computer Forensics do not include Forensics Readiness.
Types of Computer Forensics do not include Forensics Readiness.
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Computer forensics has an objective to improve communication.
Computer forensics has an objective to improve communication.
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Cloud computing is unrelated to the advancements brought by the Internet.
Cloud computing is unrelated to the advancements brought by the Internet.
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Computer forensics history is a topic covered in the introductory course.
Computer forensics history is a topic covered in the introductory course.
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Surpassing traditional limitations of telecommunication systems has not improved our lives and work.
Surpassing traditional limitations of telecommunication systems has not improved our lives and work.
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Cybercrimes can occur through both digital and traditional means.
Cybercrimes can occur through both digital and traditional means.
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According to Debarati Halder, cybercrimes only harm the physical well-being of victims.
According to Debarati Halder, cybercrimes only harm the physical well-being of victims.
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Cyberwarfare refers to cybercrime that involves only non-state actors.
Cyberwarfare refers to cybercrime that involves only non-state actors.
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Computer-based crimes include traditional crimes that take place exclusively on computers.
Computer-based crimes include traditional crimes that take place exclusively on computers.
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Digital forensics is solely focused on investigating activities involving computer crime.
Digital forensics is solely focused on investigating activities involving computer crime.
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Cybercrimes can threaten a nation's financial health and security on an international level.
Cybercrimes can threaten a nation's financial health and security on an international level.
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Computer-facilitated crime is criminal activity that occurs solely on the internet.
Computer-facilitated crime is criminal activity that occurs solely on the internet.
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Spam is considered a form of computer-facilitated crime.
Spam is considered a form of computer-facilitated crime.
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Hans Gross was known for his study of fingerprints.
Hans Gross was known for his study of fingerprints.
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The term 'Computer Forensics' was introduced in academic literature in 1992.
The term 'Computer Forensics' was introduced in academic literature in 1992.
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The first computer crime recognized in the United States was documented in the California Computer Crime Act.
The first computer crime recognized in the United States was documented in the California Computer Crime Act.
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The FBI set up a forensics laboratory in 1932 to aid law enforcement agencies.
The FBI set up a forensics laboratory in 1932 to aid law enforcement agencies.
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Computer forensics is solely focused on investigating crimes.
Computer forensics is solely focused on investigating crimes.
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The International Organization on Computer Evidence (IOCE) was formed in 2000.
The International Organization on Computer Evidence (IOCE) was formed in 2000.
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Inappropriate use of the internet and emails in the workplace is a case for which computer forensics can be utilized.
Inappropriate use of the internet and emails in the workplace is a case for which computer forensics can be utilized.
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Cybercrime only refers to crimes where a computer is the target.
Cybercrime only refers to crimes where a computer is the target.
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Digital forensics focuses solely on the analysis of digital evidence without considering physical evidence.
Digital forensics focuses solely on the analysis of digital evidence without considering physical evidence.
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Indicators of compromise (IOCs) are used to provide evidence of past security breaches.
Indicators of compromise (IOCs) are used to provide evidence of past security breaches.
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A phishing campaign is considered an indicator of compromise because it shows that a breach has already happened.
A phishing campaign is considered an indicator of compromise because it shows that a breach has already happened.
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Forensic examiners must use specific digital forensic tools to collect and analyze digital evidence.
Forensic examiners must use specific digital forensic tools to collect and analyze digital evidence.
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Indicators of compromise can help in developing strategies for incident response and remediation.
Indicators of compromise can help in developing strategies for incident response and remediation.
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Computer forensics can help in the identification and preservation of digital evidence.
Computer forensics can help in the identification and preservation of digital evidence.
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One advantage of computer forensics is that it can prevent attacks in multiple contexts.
One advantage of computer forensics is that it can prevent attacks in multiple contexts.
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The chain of custody is an irrelevant aspect of preserving evidence in computer forensics.
The chain of custody is an irrelevant aspect of preserving evidence in computer forensics.
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Windows artifacts are not significant for digital forensic examiners.
Windows artifacts are not significant for digital forensic examiners.
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Digital forensics only applies to computers and does not involve mobile devices.
Digital forensics only applies to computers and does not involve mobile devices.
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Creating a comprehensive forensic report is not part of the digital investigation process.
Creating a comprehensive forensic report is not part of the digital investigation process.
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Indicators of Compromise (IOC) are irrelevant in the context of digital investigations.
Indicators of Compromise (IOC) are irrelevant in the context of digital investigations.
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Computer forensics helps forensic teams analyze and inspect digital evidence effectively.
Computer forensics helps forensic teams analyze and inspect digital evidence effectively.
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An indicator of compromise includes unusual traffic going in and out of the network.
An indicator of compromise includes unusual traffic going in and out of the network.
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Threat intelligence is solely about collecting data without analyzing it.
Threat intelligence is solely about collecting data without analyzing it.
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Compliance refers to achieving adherence to established guidelines or specifications.
Compliance refers to achieving adherence to established guidelines or specifications.
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Tampered file configurations are considered a non-critical indicator of compromise.
Tampered file configurations are considered a non-critical indicator of compromise.
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Threat intelligence helps organizations transition from proactive to reactive security measures.
Threat intelligence helps organizations transition from proactive to reactive security measures.
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Irregular activities from countries where an organization doesn’t do business can indicate a security threat.
Irregular activities from countries where an organization doesn’t do business can indicate a security threat.
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Large unexplainable amounts of compressed files found in unusual locations are not concerning.
Large unexplainable amounts of compressed files found in unusual locations are not concerning.
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Compliance is important due to the rise in regulations requiring organizations to understand their obligations.
Compliance is important due to the rise in regulations requiring organizations to understand their obligations.
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Study Notes
Forensic Analysis for Computer Systems - Course Plan
- The course covers forensic analysis for computer systems
- It includes an introduction to the subject
- It details the evolution of computer forensics
- It covers computer forensics processes
- It discusses computer forensics techniques and tools
- It outlines different types of computer forensics
- It examines forensic readiness
Course 1: Introduction
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1.1 Overview:
- The internet and its services are experiencing great progress and improvement
- These improvements have created opportunities for e-commerce, distance learning, cloud computing, education, research, and public discourse
- Worldwide connectivity has improved live, work, and communications; surpassing traditional telecommunication limitations
- There has been increased automation of printing, introduction of digital mass media, and storage
- This has greatly enhanced information sharing
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1.1 Overview (continued):
- This digital progress led to criminal innovation
- Creating new forums for terrorist activities and criminal behaviors by adapting new technologies like wireless communications, social networking, and smart phones.
- This complicated investigative scope, exacerbating vulnerabilities of governments, organizations, institutions, and individuals
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1.2 Definitions:
- Digital forensics is the art of recovering and analyzing contents on digital devices like desktops, notebooks/netbooks, tablets, and smartphones
- With increased cybercrime assaults and adoption of digital devices, this branch gained importance for recovering and analyzing biological and chemical evidence in criminal investigations
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1.2 Definitions (continued):
- Forensic analysis examines for digital evidence in media to understand behaviors, to remedy incidents, and to support informed decisions
- It's a process of using scientific techniques to identify, collect, examine, and report evidence to the court
- The evidence is digital traces or artifacts that provide a factual scenario of events and answer plaintiff's questions
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1.3 Computer Forensics History and Scope:
- Important landmarks in computer forensics history include Hans Gross, the FBI, the Florida Computer Crime Act, Francis Galton, the International Organization on Computer Evidence (IOCE), and the FBI's Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory.
- The Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE) published the first book on best practices for computer forensics in 2002
- Simson Garfinkel identified issues facing digital investigations in 2010
- Organizations use computer forensics in cases like intellectual property theft, industrial espionage, employment secret disputes, fraud investigations, inappropriate internet/email use in the workplace, forgery matters, and bankruptcy investigations
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1.3 Computer Forensics History and Scope (continued):
- The scope of computer forensics extends beyond investigating crimes; it's also used for data recovery, log monitoring, data acquisition (from retired/damaged devices), and achieving compliance needs
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1.4 Cyber Crime:
- Any crime that involves a computer and network, the computer being for committing or targeting the crime
- Dr. Debarati Halder defines cybercrimes as offences that intentionally harm the reputation or cause physical or mental harm/loss, using modern communication networks
- Such crimes menace nation's security and financial health because both governmental and non-state actors engage in cybercrimes
- These crimes include espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes, sometimes known as cyberwarfare
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1.4 Cyber Crime (continued):
- Cybercrimes are conducted purely on computers (e.g., cyberbullying or spam) or facilitated by computers.
- Classic example of facilitated cybercrime is fraud where computers are used to communicate with other fraudsters or to create fraudulent documents.
- Criminal activities might be combined with criminal behavior in some digital investigations.
- Forensic scenarios such as data-stealing cases in organizations
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1.5 Objectives and Advantages of Computer Forensics:
- Computer forensics help recover, analyze, and preserve materials to support legal investigations
- To postulate the crime's motive and identify perpetrators
- Ensure digital evidence's integrity at the crime scene
- Recover deleted files/partitions, validate digital evidence, evaluate the malicious activity's impact, and produce complete detailed reports, and maintain proper evidence handling through the chain of custody.
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1.5 Advantages of Computer Forensics (continued):
- Clients may use it to find answers, make informed decisions, and resume the company activity
- Computer forensics potentially leads to: discovery of new Indicators of Compromise (IOCs), consolidation of Threat Intelligence, and prevention of attacks
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1.5 In brief:
- Computer forensics is a process managing preservation, identification, extraction, and documentation of digital evidence usable in court cases. It's a science using tools to solve complex digital cases, like using computers, mobile phones, servers and networks to find evidence.
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1.5 (additional information):
- Digital forensics is helpful to analyze, inspect, identify and preserve the digital evidence from different devices (computers, mobile phones, etc).
- Importance of Windows artifacts in digital forensics contexts, such as file systems, network shares, operating system information, user accounts, and event logs
- The practice of collecting, analyzing and reporting digital evidence to legally admissible court is known as forensic examiners and investigators.
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What is IOC?
- Indicators of compromise (IOCs) are digital evidence of a previous attack. Identifying these helps information security professionals detect intrusion attempts and other malicious activities
- IOCs are related to suspicious system activities, abnormal file operations, applications or processes; as well as suspicious log entries.
- IOC tools help mitigate cybersecurity threats.
-
What is threat intelligence?
- Threat intelligence is analyzed data about threat actors' motives, targets, and activities to make faster security decisions
-
What is compliance?
- Compliance is the state of being in accordance with guidelines or specifications, and it's important for organizations, concerning industry and government regulation requirements.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in computer forensics, including its significance in digital data analysis and the impact of cybercrime. Test your understanding of the principles, history, and various aspects of digital forensics and its relation to cyber security. Dive into the complexities of how cybercrime affects both digital and physical realms.
