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What is the primary focus of forensics?
Acquiring and analyzing data after a cyber crime happens.
What is cyber crime?
A crime in which technology plays an important role.
Forensics is distinguished from data recovery in that forensics involves retrieving data that the user ____________.
deliberately obscured
Data recovery is concerned with retrieving data that the user wants back.
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When did the roots of digital forensics begin?
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Which of the following topics are covered in the course?
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The field of digital forensics has always been in high demand since its inception.
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What are forensics?
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What is cyber crime?
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What is the primary focus of data recovery?
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Which of the following are major topics covered in the course?
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Forensics is concerned with acquiring and analyzing data after a cyber crime happens.
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When did the roots of digital forensics begin?
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Forensics and data recovery are the same.
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Match the following principles of forensics to their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Introduction to Computer and Network Forensics
- Security focuses on maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) of data.
- Forensics analyzes data after a cybercrime occurs, potentially violating confidentiality.
- Forensic process includes proper acquisition, handling, and analysis of evidence for legal admissibility.
- Technical knowledge is required to understand how data is stored at the binary level and to extract information from evidence.
Data Recovery vs. Forensics
- Data recovery retrieves accidentally deleted or damaged data for users who want it back.
- Forensics retrieves data deliberately hidden by perpetrators to investigate cybercrimes and is not returned to the user.
Major Topics Covered in the Course
- Definition of forensics & cybercrimes
- Brief history of digital forensics
- Relationship to other digital forensics fields
- Principles of forensics (acquisition, authentication, analysis, presentation, rules of evidence)
- Computing basics (file systems, data storage, computer communication)
- Forensic tools and technologies (open-source and commercial tools)
- Cybercrime investigation (definition, laws, policies)
- Anti-forensic methods and countermeasures
- Forensic report writing
What are Forensics, Cyber Crimes?
- Forensic science applies scientific principles to criminal and civil law investigations.
- Cybercrime involves technology as a tool or target, or for storing data related to criminal activity.
Brief History of Digital Forensics
- Digital forensics emerged around 1970 initially focusing on data recovery.
- Early days were characterized by diverse hardware/software, numerous file formats, centralized computing, and a lack of standardized processes, tools, and training.
- Limited demand for end-user system forensics due to centralized data storage and available experts.
- Laws defining computer crimes were absent until 1993.
- Analogies between existing laws and cybercrime were inadequate.
- Proliferation of new cybercrimes necessitated the development of digital forensics.
Introduction to Computer and Network Forensics
- Computer Forensics vs. Security: Security focuses on maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data (CIA). Forensics focuses on acquiring and analyzing data after a cyber crime happens, potentially violating confidentiality.
- Two Elements of Forensics: (1) Process: A defined method for acquiring, handling, and analyzing evidence to make it admissible in court, including precautions and potential pitfalls. (2) Technical Knowledge: Deep understanding of specific technology to extract information, including how data is stored at the binary level.
- Forensic vs. Data Recovery: Data recovery aims to retrieve data accidentally deleted or damaged. Forensics focuses on retrieving data deliberately hidden to conceal a cyber crime.
- Forensics Searches for Data: Data that is archived, currently visible to the operating system, or previously removed from the operating system’s view but potentially still accessible in unallocated disk or memory space.
- Course Topics: Overview of computer forensics, cyber crimes, history of digital forensics, forensic principles, computing basics, forensic tools and technologies, cybercrime investigation, anti-forensic methods and countermeasures, and writing forensic reports.
What are Forensics, Cyber Crimes?
- Forensic Science: The application of science to criminal and civil laws enforced by a criminal justice system. It places physical evidence into a professional discipline (e.g., Computer, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Geology).
- Cyber Crime: A crime that involves technology as an integral part, either as a tool, a target, or a storage medium for criminal activity.
- The Emergence of Digital Forensics: The increasing prevalence of cyber crimes, with computers playing a key role, has given rise to the field of digital forensics.
Brief History of Digital Forensics
- Roots of Digital Forensics: The origins date back to the 1970s, primarily focusing on data recovery efforts.
- Early Digital Forensics: Marked by the diversity of hardware, software, and applications, a wide range of file formats, heavy reliance on time-sharing, and centralized computing, and a lack of formal processes or training.
- Challenges in Early Digital Forensics: Investigating end-user systems was difficult, but less critical as most data was stored on centralized computers, with dedicated experts available.
- Shift in Focus: By the late 1980s utilities like Norton & Mace began offering data recovery tools (Unformat, Undelete).
- Legal Developments: Until 1993, laws defining computer crimes were largely absent, leading to incomplete and flawed analogies with existing laws.
- Proliferation of Cyber crimes: The growth of digital technology facilitated an increase in cyber crimes.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of computer and network forensics, focusing on the processes and principles essential for investigating cybercrimes. It differentiates between data recovery and forensic analysis, providing insights into the legal aspects and technical knowledge required in the field. Explore the history and relationship of digital forensics to other domains of security.
