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Questions and Answers
What is a primary objective of computer forensics?
What is a primary objective of computer forensics?
Which of the following is NOT considered a scope of computer forensics?
Which of the following is NOT considered a scope of computer forensics?
What does eDiscovery involve in the context of computer forensics?
What does eDiscovery involve in the context of computer forensics?
Which of the following roles is NOT typically associated with a forensic investigator?
Which of the following roles is NOT typically associated with a forensic investigator?
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Which of the following describes the challenges in investigating cyber crimes?
Which of the following describes the challenges in investigating cyber crimes?
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What does forensic readiness mean in a computer forensics context?
What does forensic readiness mean in a computer forensics context?
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Which of the following best describes the term 'cyber attribution' in computer forensics?
Which of the following best describes the term 'cyber attribution' in computer forensics?
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What is a major difference between civil and criminal cybercrime investigations?
What is a major difference between civil and criminal cybercrime investigations?
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When analyzing a malware-infected system, which technique is typically utilized?
When analyzing a malware-infected system, which technique is typically utilized?
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What is the primary outcome sought after gathering evidence from cyber crimes?
What is the primary outcome sought after gathering evidence from cyber crimes?
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What constitutes cybercrime?
What constitutes cybercrime?
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Which category does an attack by a current employee on a company network belong to?
Which category does an attack by a current employee on a company network belong to?
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What is typically exploited in an external cyberattack?
What is typically exploited in an external cyberattack?
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Which of the following is an example of a cybercrime?
Which of the following is an example of a cybercrime?
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What process involves tracing and identifying individuals responsible for cyberattacks?
What process involves tracing and identifying individuals responsible for cyberattacks?
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What may be found during a criminal investigation of cybercrime?
What may be found during a criminal investigation of cybercrime?
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Why is it crucial to investigate electronic devices in a forensically sound manner?
Why is it crucial to investigate electronic devices in a forensically sound manner?
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Which approach to manage cybercrime investigation typically involves legal action?
Which approach to manage cybercrime investigation typically involves legal action?
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What is not a type of cybercrime listed?
What is not a type of cybercrime listed?
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What is analyzed to attribute cyberattacks to specific attackers?
What is analyzed to attribute cyberattacks to specific attackers?
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What is a primary focus of criminal investigations compared to civil investigations?
What is a primary focus of criminal investigations compared to civil investigations?
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Who is primarily responsible for the collection and analysis of evidence in civil cases?
Who is primarily responsible for the collection and analysis of evidence in civil cases?
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Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic of administrative investigations?
Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic of administrative investigations?
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What type of punishment may result from a guilty outcome in criminal cases?
What type of punishment may result from a guilty outcome in criminal cases?
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Which department is often responsible for conducting administrative investigations?
Which department is often responsible for conducting administrative investigations?
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In the context of criminal investigations, what authority do investigators have under a court's warrant?
In the context of criminal investigations, what authority do investigators have under a court's warrant?
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What is the nature of cases handled in administrative investigations?
What is the nature of cases handled in administrative investigations?
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What must criminal investigators provide at the conclusion of their work?
What must criminal investigators provide at the conclusion of their work?
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Which of the following is a potential result of misconduct in an administrative investigation?
Which of the following is a potential result of misconduct in an administrative investigation?
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What distinguishes civil cases from criminal cases in terms of outcomes?
What distinguishes civil cases from criminal cases in terms of outcomes?
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What is defined as electronic data or information used in legal proceedings?
What is defined as electronic data or information used in legal proceedings?
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What type of evidence has probative value and is stored or transmitted in digital form?
What type of evidence has probative value and is stored or transmitted in digital form?
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Where can digital evidence be found during investigations?
Where can digital evidence be found during investigations?
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Which of the following reflects a key aspect of digital evidence handling?
Which of the following reflects a key aspect of digital evidence handling?
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Which rule emphasizes the need for high-quality evidence in legal proceedings?
Which rule emphasizes the need for high-quality evidence in legal proceedings?
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Study Notes
Understanding Computer Forensics
- Computer forensics is a set of procedures and techniques to identify, gather, preserve, extract, interpret, document, and present evidence from computing equipment.
- Objectives of Computer Forensics:
- Track and prosecute cybercrime perpetrators
- Gather evidence of cybercrimes forensically
- Gauge the impact of an incident and determine the perpetrator's intent
- Minimize tangible and intangible losses
- Protect the organization from future incidents
Scope of Computer Forensics
- Investigating, analyzing, and extracting data from digital evidence acquired from crime scenes.
- Key areas where computer forensics has a wide scope:
- Digital Crime Investigations: identifying culprits using forensic techniques
- Malware Analysis: Examining infected systems and malware samples to understand their behavior
- Incident Response: Analyzing cyberattacks to find the root cause
- Corporate Investigations: Investigating cyberattacks to resolve them
- eDiscovery: Identifying, collecting, preserving, and analyzing digital evidence for legal proceedings
- Collaboration with Law Enforcement Agencies: Supporting organizations in prosecution and evidence building
LO#02: Understand Cybercrimes and their Investigation Procedures
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Types of Cybercrimes:
- Internal/Insider Attack: Attacks originating from within an organization, often by trusted individuals with authorized access.
- External Attack: Attacks initiated from outside an organization, exploiting security vulnerabilities or employing social engineering.
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Examples of Cybercrimes:
- Espionage
- Theft of Intellectual Property
- Manipulation of Data
- Trojans Horse Attack
- SQL Injection Attack
- Brute-force Attack
- Phishing/Spoofing
- Privilege Escalation Attack
- Denial-of-Service Attack
- Cyber Defamation
- Cyberterrorism
- Cyberwarfare
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Cyber Attribution:
- Identifying and implicating individuals or groups responsible for cyberattacks.
- Analyzing technical indicators like malicious code, command and control infrastructure, and network traffic patterns.
- Building threat actor profiles to understand motivations and behavior.
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Cybercrime Investigation:
- Involves meticulous collection of clues and forensic evidence.
- Electronic devices (computers, mobile devices, printers, IoT/OT devices) play a significant role in investigations.
- Investigation approaches include civil, criminal, and administrative processes, with different methods for data collection, analysis, and presentation.
Civil vs. Criminal Investigation
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Criminal Cases:
- Brought for violations of law, often by law enforcement agencies.
- Focus on pursuing legal action against the offender.
- Often involve obtaining a warrant to seize devices and collecting evidence under legal authority.
- Result in potential punishments like fines or imprisonment.
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Civil Cases:
- Brought for contract violations or lawsuits between individuals or organizations.
- Aim to resolve disputes and potentially achieve monetary compensation.
- May involve mutual agreement for device search.
- Less formal investigation and reporting processes.
Administrative Investigation
- Internal investigations conducted by an organization to assess compliance with policies and rules.
- Focuses on employee misconduct or violations of regulations.
- Examples of violations: policy breaches, legal requirement violations, resource misuse, threatening behavior, improper promotions.
- Results in disciplinary action like demotion, suspension, or termination.
LO#03: Understand Digital Evidence and eDiscovery
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Introduction to Digital Evidence:
- Electronic data or information used in legal proceedings to prove or support a case.
- Can be stored or transmitted digitally, having probative value.
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Types of Digital Evidence:
- Data from computers, mobile devices, networks, cloud storage, social media, etc.
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Roles of Digital Evidence:
- Establishing timelines, identifying perpetrators, and reconstructing events.
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Sources of Potential Evidence:
- Computers, mobile devices, servers, network devices, cloud storage, log files, backups, etc.
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Rules of Evidence:
- Legal principles governing the admissibility and weight of evidence in court.
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Best Evidence Rule:
- Requires the original source of digital evidence to be presented in court, unless exceptions apply.
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Federal Rules of Evidence (United States):
- Set of rules governing the admissibility and use of evidence in federal courts.
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The ACPO Principles of Digital Evidence:
- Set of guidelines developed by the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) in the United Kingdom for handling digital evidence.
- Ensures that digital evidence is collected, preserved, and analyzed in a forensically sound manner.
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Computer Forensics vs. eDiscovery:
- Computer Forensics: Focuses on criminal investigations, often involves analyzing digital evidence for legal proceedings.
- eDiscovery: Focuses on civil litigation and legal discovery, often involves collecting, preserving, and analyzing digital evidence for legal proceedings.
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Legal and IT Team Considerations for eDiscovery:
- Collaboration between legal professionals and IT personnel is crucial for successful eDiscovery.
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Best Practices for Handling Digital Evidence:
- Preserve the chain of custody.
- Adhere to relevant legal and technical standards.
- Use appropriate forensic tools and techniques.
- Document all actions and findings.
- Ensure the integrity and authenticity of the evidence.
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Description
This quiz explores the field of computer forensics, including its procedures, objectives, and scope. Analyze how computer forensic techniques are applied in cybercrime investigations, malware analysis, and incident response. Test your knowledge on the key areas that influence digital evidence analysis.
