Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is complementary feeding defined as?
What is complementary feeding defined as?
Why is complementary feeding necessary after 6 months?
Why is complementary feeding necessary after 6 months?
What is NOT a purpose of introducing complementary foods?
What is NOT a purpose of introducing complementary foods?
What term has replaced 'weaning' in the context of feeding an infant?
What term has replaced 'weaning' in the context of feeding an infant?
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What is the critical window for growth and development according to complementary feeding guidelines?
What is the critical window for growth and development according to complementary feeding guidelines?
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Which of the following is a misconception about complementary feeding?
Which of the following is a misconception about complementary feeding?
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Which foods are typically recommended for starting complementary feeding?
Which foods are typically recommended for starting complementary feeding?
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What should parents focus on to ensure dietary diversity during complementary feeding?
What should parents focus on to ensure dietary diversity during complementary feeding?
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What is included in the concept of '1000 days'?
What is included in the concept of '1000 days'?
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At what age is complementary feeding recommended to begin?
At what age is complementary feeding recommended to begin?
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Which combination best illustrates a balanced food?
Which combination best illustrates a balanced food?
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What might happen if complementary feeding is delayed beyond 6 months?
What might happen if complementary feeding is delayed beyond 6 months?
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Which food item is mentioned as an example of balanced food?
Which food item is mentioned as an example of balanced food?
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Which skill develops in a child around 5 months that aids in the introduction of solid foods?
Which skill develops in a child around 5 months that aids in the introduction of solid foods?
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What sign indicates that a child is ready for complementary feeding?
What sign indicates that a child is ready for complementary feeding?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of complete food?
Which of the following is a characteristic of complete food?
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At what age should infants begin with mashed foods or thick porridges?
At what age should infants begin with mashed foods or thick porridges?
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How many meals per day should a child aged 1-2 years typically have?
How many meals per day should a child aged 1-2 years typically have?
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What is an effective method to improve the protein content of complementary foods?
What is an effective method to improve the protein content of complementary foods?
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What average amount of food should a 9–11 month old consume at each meal?
What average amount of food should a 9–11 month old consume at each meal?
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Which of the following improves the energy density of foods?
Which of the following improves the energy density of foods?
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What is one benefit of malting foods for infant preparation?
What is one benefit of malting foods for infant preparation?
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What additional nutrition should non-breastfed children receive?
What additional nutrition should non-breastfed children receive?
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Which micronutrient is NOT mentioned as important for fortifying complementary foods?
Which micronutrient is NOT mentioned as important for fortifying complementary foods?
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What is the primary purpose of including milk and milk products in a child's diet during complementary feeding?
What is the primary purpose of including milk and milk products in a child's diet during complementary feeding?
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What does minimum dietary diversity (MDD) refer to in the context of complementary feeding?
What does minimum dietary diversity (MDD) refer to in the context of complementary feeding?
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How should milk be utilized in the diet of children during complementary feeding?
How should milk be utilized in the diet of children during complementary feeding?
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Why should the overemphasis on milk in a child's diet be avoided?
Why should the overemphasis on milk in a child's diet be avoided?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the seven food groups recommended for dietary diversity?
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven food groups recommended for dietary diversity?
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Which of these options is a likely benefit of ensuring dietary diversity during complementary feeding?
Which of these options is a likely benefit of ensuring dietary diversity during complementary feeding?
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What is an example of a staple food group children should consume during complementary feeding?
What is an example of a staple food group children should consume during complementary feeding?
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What should parents be cautious about when incorporating dairy products into a child's diet?
What should parents be cautious about when incorporating dairy products into a child's diet?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a type of dairy product?
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of dairy product?
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What is an important factor in the emotional development of a child during feeding?
What is an important factor in the emotional development of a child during feeding?
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Which food group is included under pulses and nuts?
Which food group is included under pulses and nuts?
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What kind of vegetables and fruits should ideally be included in a child's diet?
What kind of vegetables and fruits should ideally be included in a child's diet?
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Which of the following is a crucial practice in responsive feeding?
Which of the following is a crucial practice in responsive feeding?
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What role do parents play in a child's feeding habits?
What role do parents play in a child's feeding habits?
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Which food category represents 'flesh foods'?
Which food category represents 'flesh foods'?
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Why is the period of the first 1,000 days significant for a child's nutrition?
Why is the period of the first 1,000 days significant for a child's nutrition?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Complementary Feeding
- Complementary Feeding (CF) should begin after 6 months of age, when breast milk alone is not enough for optimal growth & development.
- The term "weaning" has been replaced by CF.
- The '1000 days' – 9 months of pregnancy and the first 2 years of life – are a crucial period for optimal feeding.
- No food is truly 'complete' or 'balanced', therefore, combining various foods is essential.
- Examples of Balanced Food: Cereal (rice/wheat) mixed with pulses/nuts, vegetables, and cooked in oil/ghee, like Upma, Pulao, Biryani, Poha.
- Milk with cereals, nuts/raisins, etc., like Dalia, Kheer.
Starting Complementary Feeding
- Begin CF around 6 months of age, the 'sensitive period', allowing the child to develop chewing and swallowing skills.
- Delaying CF can lead to the 'critical period', making it difficult for the child to eat solids.
- Signs of readiness for CF include:
- Neck/head control
- Hand-to-mouth coordination
- Enjoyment of mouthing and biting
Food Texture and Frequency
- 6 - 8 months: Mashed foods, thick porridges
- 9 - 11 months: Mashed foods, finely chopped foods, pick-up foods
- 1 - 2 years: Staple family foods, mashed/chopped (if needed)
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Frequency:
- 6 - 8 months: 2 - 3 daily meals plus frequent breastfeeding.
- 9 - 11 months: 3 daily meals plus 1 - 2 snacks, continued breastfeeding.
- 1 - 2 years: 3 - 4 daily meals plus 1 - 2 snacks, continued breastfeeding.
Nutritional Value of Complementary Foods
- Increase energy density by adding ghee, sugar, jaggery, vegetable oils, butter, etc.
- Improve protein content by combining cereals and pulses.
- Reduce viscosity by malting (germinating whole grain) to increase energy density.
- Fortify foods with micronutrients like iodine, zinc, iron, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus, etc.
Common Myths about CF
-
Myth: Ghee is heavy to digest, causes cough.
- Fact: Small amounts of fat are vital for energy increase.
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Myth: Wheat/daliya/suji is heavy.
- Fact: These grains are essential for healthy growth.
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Myth: Maggi/biscuits/marketed foods help in weight gain.
- Fact: These foods lack essential nutrients and can contribute to unhealthy weight gain.
Milk and Milk Products
- Milk and milk products are important for growth, but overuse should be avoided.
- Avoid only milk feeds; incorporate milk into the preparation of food.
- Milk and milk products cannot substitute for the full range of complementary feeds.
Dietary Diversity
- Complementary Feeding requires dietary diversity, ensuring that the child receives various nutrients.
- Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD): Consuming at least four food groups from the seven food groups to meet daily energy and nutrient requirements.
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Food Groups:
- Grains, roots, and tubers
- Legumes and nuts
- Vitamin-A rich fruits and vegetables
- Other fruits and vegetables
- Dairy products
- Eggs
- Flesh foods
Role of Feeding in Child Development
- Nutrition during the first 1000 days is essential for optimal growth and development.
-
Psychosocial Growth:
- Encourage direct feeding and self-feeding.
- Responsive feeding promotes enjoyment of the feeding process.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts and guidelines for initiating complementary feeding for infants. Learn about the importance of starting complementary foods around six months of age, signs of readiness, and suitable food combinations for optimal growth. It also explains the critical period for developing essential eating skills.
