Introduction to CNS Infections Quiz

Ceftriaxone combined with Clindamycin is the standard treatment for brain abscesses.

Bacteroides species are frequently implicated in brain abscesses originating from dental infections.

A brain abscess near the ventricles carries a high risk of rupturing into the ventricular system, leading to complications.

Ceftazidime and Vancomycin are the recommended antibiotics for penetrating head trauma cases.

The presence of tachyzoites in microscopy is a hallmark of Toxoplasmosis infection.

Without treatment, patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis have a median survival of 9 months.

Proteus species are common culprits behind nosocomial infections, including brain abscesses.

Subacute meningitis typically lasts for 1-2 weeks.

A positive Kernig's sign is a common indicator of meningismus, suggesting inflammation around the brain and spinal cord.

Even with optimal treatment, acute bacterial meningitis can have a mortality rate of 15-20%.

The presence of tachyzoites on microscopy is diagnostic of Toxoplasmosis.

Brain abscesses located near the ventricles are at high risk of causing hydrocephalus, a build-up of fluid in the brain.

The pre & postcentral gyrus, responsible for motor and sensory functions, is located in the frontal lobe.

Cefotaxime and Vancomycin are the preferred antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in immunocompetent children over 3 months and adults under 55 years old.

For adults over 55 years old, those with alcoholism or debilitating illnesses, Ampicillin and Cefotaxime are recommended for treating bacterial meningitis.

Meropenem and Vancomycin are the usual choice for hospital-acquired meningitis, post-traumatic meningitis, or in patients with weakened immunity.

For patients with severe bacterial meningitis, steroid therapy with 4 milligrams IV dexamethasone every 6 hours for 3-4 days is recommended.

Listeria infections leading to bacterial meningitis have a mortality rate of approximately 15%.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis typically reaches the brain in Tuberculous Meningitis through hematogenous spread, meaning it travels via the bloodstream.

The basal cisterns are a common site of involvement in Tuberculous Meningitis, where the bacteria tend to accumulate.

AFB culture, a test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is considered the gold standard for confirming Tuberculous Meningitis.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Tuberculous Meningitis typically shows 10-50 white blood cells per microliter, predominantly lymphocytes.

Diabetes mellitus is not considered a risk factor for Tuberculous Meningitis.

Adults with Tuberculous Meningitis can have a mortality rate ranging from 20% to 57%

On imaging, Toxoplasmosis typically presents with a characteristic crater-like enhancement, indicating the presence of the infection.

Nausea is not a classic symptom of brain abscess.

An elevated opening pressure in the CSF analysis of Toxoplasmosis can be a significant finding.

Sulfadiazine is the drug of choice for presumptive treatment of Toxoplasmosis.

The combination of Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine is used to treat Toxoplasmosis for a duration of 6 weeks.

In areas with limited resources, SMX/TMP can be used as an alternative to Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine for treating Toxoplasmosis.

Induction therapy for Cryptococcal Meningitis in HIV-infected individuals usually involves AmBd 0.7-1.0 mg/kg/d for 4-6 weeks.

Toxoplasmosis is the most frequent opportunistic CNS infection seen in patients with a CD4 count below 100 uL.

With ART treatment, patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis have a median survival of 15 months.

In Cryptococcal Meningitis, a lumbar drain is often used to continuously drain CSF, preventing increased ICP and headaches.

Toxoplasmosis is typically spread through contact with contaminated food or water.

Seizures are a common clinical presentation of Toxoplasmosis affecting the temporal lobe.