Introduction to Climate in Ethiopia and the Horn

Weather is the instantaneous or current state of the atmosphere composing temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction, cloudiness and precipitation.

Climate refers to the state of the atmosphere over long time periods, decades and more. It is the composite of daily weather conditions recorded for long periods of time. Climate also takes into account the extremes or variations that may occur beyond the average conditions.

<p>Various instruments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latitude/angle of the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature = Latitude/angle of the Sun Precipitation and humidity = Land and water distribution Winds and air pressure = Winds and air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latitude is the distance of a location from the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anequinox is the instant of time when the sun strikes the plane of the Earth's equator. During this passage the length of day and night are equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On June 21st, the northern hemisphere has maximum tilt towards the sun experiencing longest daylight of the year. It is the astronomical first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is the day when the point of verticality of sun's rays crosses the equator northwards. This equinox experiences in Northern Hemisphere when the sun is exactly above the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appears to happen when the sun crosses equator giving approximately equal length between day and night. It appears to happen when the visible sun moves south across the celestial equator on 23rd of September.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes per unit of altitudinal change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature changes occurring in the rising or subsiding air mass are not the result of additions of heat to, or withdrawals of heat from outside sources, but rather are the consequence of internal processes of expansion and contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This refers to the actual, observed change of temperature with altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altitude. Latitude, humidity and winds, with varying magnitude have also significant impacts on temperature conditions in Ethiopia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latitude and cloud cover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature is high during the daytime in some places, and is considerably reduced at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITC), pressure cells, and Trade Winds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inter-annual oscillation of the surface position of the ITCZ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equatorial Westerlies (Guinea monsoon) and Easterlies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Summer rainfall region; All year-round rainfall region; Autumn and Spring rainfall regions; Winter rainfall region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bereha, Kolla, Woina Dega, Dega and Wurch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ras Dashen, Guna, Megezez in North Shoa, Batu, Choke, Abune Yoseph etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1,500 - 2300 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lowland</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5th out of 184 countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All the above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All the above (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitigation, adaptation and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practice Energy efficiency; Increase the use of renewable energy such as solar; Efficient means of transport implementation: electric public transport, bicycle, shared cars etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The current state of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, and precipitation.

The long-term average of weather conditions over decades or more.

Intertropical Convergence Zone; a low-pressure area where trade winds meet, influencing weather patterns.

The measure of how far a location is from the equator, impacting temperature and climate.

The height of a location above sea level, affecting temperature and climate.

The rate at which temperature decreases with an increase in altitude.

The rate of temperature change in a rising dry air parcel, typically about 10°C per 1000 meters.

The rate of temperature change in a rising saturated air parcel, about 5°C per 1000 meters.

The actual observed change of temperature with altitude.

The time when day and night are of approximately equal duration, occurring twice a year.

The time during the year when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky, resulting in the longest or shortest day.

The spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall in a region, influenced by various climatic factors.

A change in the average long-term weather patterns of a region, due to natural or anthropogenic causes.

Human-induced factors contributing to climate change, like greenhouse gas emissions.

Factors such as volcanic eruptions or solar output affecting climate naturally.

An extended period of deficient rainfall relative to the statistical multi-year average for a region.

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Different regions in a country defined by climate, altitude, and natural resources, suitable for specific types of agriculture.

High altitude zone in Ethiopia, above 3,200 meters, with cool temperatures and high rainfall.

Lowland region in Ethiopia between 500 and 1,500 meters, characterized by hot temperatures.

Dry lowland region with arid climate, less than 500 meters altitude and very low rainfall.

Season when most parts of Ethiopia receive heavy rains, generally from June to September.

Overflow of water onto normally dry land, often due to heavy rainfall events.

Approaches that help communities adapt and recover from climate-related shocks.

Efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases to limit climate change impacts.

Adjusting practices and systems to minimize the impacts of climate change.

Variations in temperature patterns throughout different seasons in a year.

Significantly high or low temperatures compared to average conditions.

Refers to the distribution of climatic elements (like temperature and rainfall) across time and space.