Introduction to Chemistry: Matter and Its Properties

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?

  • Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition. (correct)
  • Homogeneous mixtures are easily separated into their components, while heterogeneous mixtures are not.
  • Homogeneous mixtures contain only one substance, while heterogeneous mixtures contain multiple substances.
  • Homogeneous mixtures are always solutions, while heterogeneous mixtures are always suspensions.

When a metal nail rusts, what type of property is being observed?

  • Extensive property
  • Physical property
  • Chemical property (correct)
  • Intensive property

If an atom has 16 protons, 16 neutrons, and 16 electrons, what is its atomic number?

  • 48
  • 32
  • 16 (correct)
  • It cannot be determined with the given options

Elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table typically have similar:

<p>Chemical properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

<p>Covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a balanced chemical equation, what does the balancing of atoms ensure?

<p>Conservation of mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical reaction involves one element replacing another in a compound?

<p>Single replacement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between molarity and molality when expressing the concentration of a solution?

<p>Molarity is temperature-dependent, while molality is not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base?

<p>Neutralization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group characterizes alcohols?

<p>-OH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In thermodynamics, what does entropy measure?

<p>The disorder or randomness of a system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the first law of thermodynamics, what happens to energy in a closed system?

<p>It is conserved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a catalyst have on a chemical reaction?

<p>It provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Le Chatelier's principle state about a system in equilibrium that is subjected to a change in condition?

<p>The system will shift to relieve the stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of radioactive decay involves the emission of an electron or positron?

<p>Beta decay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is matter?

Anything with mass that occupies space.

What is a substance?

A substance with uniform composition.

What is a mixture?

Combination of substances physically combined.

What are physical properties?

Observed without changing substance composition.

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What are chemical properties?

How a substance reacts/changes composition.

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What are atoms?

Basic building blocks of matter.

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What is an element?

Pure substance with only one type of atom.

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What are compounds?

Substances of two or more elements chemically combined.

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What are chemical bonds?

Forces holding atoms together in compounds.

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What are chemical reactions?

Rearrangement of atoms/molecules to form new substances.

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What is a mole?

Unit to measure the amount of a chemical substance.

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What is stoichiometry?

Quantitative relationships in chemical reactions.

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What are solutions?

Homogeneous mixtures of substances.

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What are acids?

Substances donating H⁺ ions or accepting electrons.

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What is chemical equilibrium?

The rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal.

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Study Notes

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