Introduction to Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?

  • Color
  • Density
  • Flammability (correct)
  • Boiling point

Saltwater is an example of which type of mixture?

  • Heterogeneous mixture
  • Element
  • Compound
  • Homogeneous mixture (correct)

Which separation technique is most suitable for separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, given their different boiling points?

  • Filtration
  • Evaporation
  • Distillation (correct)
  • Chromatography

A compound is found to contain 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen by mass. Which law does this observation support?

<p>Law of Definite Proportions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a diatomic molecule?

<p>O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of formula shows the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule?

<p>Structural formula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

<p>Melting ice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?

<p>Liquid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of an oxidizing agent in a redox reaction?

<p>It gains electrons and is reduced. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the reaction: $2H_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow 2H_2O(g)$. If 4.0 grams of $H_2$ react with excess $O_2$, what mass of $H_2O$ is produced (The molar mass of $H_2$ is 2.0 g/mol and $H_2O$ is 18.0 g/mol)?

<p>36.0 grams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10.0 grams of NaCl in enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the NaCl solution (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)?

<p>0.342 M (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a catalyst increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>By providing an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Le Chatelier's principle, what happens to the equilibrium of an exothermic reaction if the temperature is increased?

<p>The equilibrium shifts towards the reactants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the of following statements accurately describes the relationship between molar mass and Avogadro's number?

<p>Molar mass is the mass of a substance containing Avogadro's number of particles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the following reaction, identify the limiting reactant when 5 moles of $H_2$ and 3 moles of $O_2$ are allowed to react: $2H_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow 2H_2O(g)$

<p>H2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 50.0 mL of a 2.0 M stock solution of NaCl is diluted to a total volume of 250.0 mL, what is the molarity of the diluted solution?

<p>0.4 M (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction $N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)$, which change will shift the equilibrium towards the formation of $NH_3$?

<p>Increasing the pressure by decreasing the container volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding an endothermic reaction?

<p>The reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemistry

The study of matter and its properties, and how matter changes.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

Chemical

A substance with a definite and consistent composition.

Physical Properties

Properties observed without changing the substance's composition (e.g., color).

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Chemical Properties

Properties describing how a substance changes into a new substance (e.g., flammability).

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Physical Change

Alters the form of a substance but not its chemical identity (e.g., melting ice).

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Chemical Change

Involves rearranging atoms to form new substances (e.g., burning wood).

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Atom

Smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.

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Ion

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge due to loss or gain of electrons.

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Cation

Positively charged ion; loses electrons.

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Anion

Negatively charged ion; gains electrons.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

Ensuring the number of atoms for each element matches on both sides of the equation.

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Avogadro's Number (NA)

The number of entities in one mole (approximately 6.022 x 10^23).

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Limiting Reactant

The reactant completely consumed, determining product amount.

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Molarity (M)

Moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).

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Acids

Substances that donate protons (H+) or accept electrons.

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Exothermic Reaction

Reaction that releases heat (ΔH < 0).

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Chemical Equilibrium

State where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.

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Study Notes

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Description

Overview of chemistry: the study of matter, its properties, and changes. States of matter, including solid, liquid, and gas. Physical and chemical properties, intensive vs. extensive properties, and physical vs. chemical changes are explained.

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