Podcast
Questions and Answers
The measure of how well a material can allow the flow of electricity or heat is known as ______.
The measure of how well a material can allow the flow of electricity or heat is known as ______.
conductivity
The property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent is called ______.
The property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent is called ______.
solubility
The property of a material that indicates how resistant it is to being scratched is known as ______.
The property of a material that indicates how resistant it is to being scratched is known as ______.
hardness
The temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid is referred to as its ______.
The temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid is referred to as its ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The ability of a material to catch fire easily is termed its ______.
The ability of a material to catch fire easily is termed its ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The mass of a substance in a certain volume is defined as its ______.
The mass of a substance in a certain volume is defined as its ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The force that can attract or repel certain materials, caused by electric charges, is known as ______.
The force that can attract or repel certain materials, caused by electric charges, is known as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The measure of how harmful a substance can be to living organisms is called ______.
The measure of how harmful a substance can be to living organisms is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
An isotope is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of ______ in its nucleus.
An isotope is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of ______ in its nucleus.
Signup and view all the answers
H+ ion means it loses ______ electron.
H+ ion means it loses ______ electron.
Signup and view all the answers
In the periodic table, 'O' represents the element ______.
In the periodic table, 'O' represents the element ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Atoms are made up of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and ______.
Atoms are made up of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A molecule made up of three elements is represented by the chemical formula ______.
A molecule made up of three elements is represented by the chemical formula ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Chemical properties are characteristics that can only be observed when a substance interacts with ______.
Chemical properties are characteristics that can only be observed when a substance interacts with ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A ______ is an ion with a positive charge, formed when an atom loses electrons.
A ______ is an ion with a positive charge, formed when an atom loses electrons.
Signup and view all the answers
A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded is called a ______.
A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded is called a ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The hardness and luster of a substance are considered its ______ properties.
The hardness and luster of a substance are considered its ______ properties.
Signup and view all the answers
An atom that has gained one or more electrons becomes a ______.
An atom that has gained one or more electrons becomes a ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The atomic number of Calcium (Ca) is ______.
The atomic number of Calcium (Ca) is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the atomic ______.
The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the atomic ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Malleability is a property that allows materials, especially ______, to be shaped without breaking.
Malleability is a property that allows materials, especially ______, to be shaped without breaking.
Signup and view all the answers
Molecules are the smallest units of a ______ that can exist independently.
Molecules are the smallest units of a ______ that can exist independently.
Signup and view all the answers
An ______ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
An ______ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
Signup and view all the answers
There are currently ______ elements that have been discovered and organized in the periodic table.
There are currently ______ elements that have been discovered and organized in the periodic table.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
What is Chemistry?
- Chemistry is the branch of science studying matter (everything)
- Understanding chemistry is crucial for comprehending how things work together
- Matter is used in daily routine activities (medicine, cooking, cleaning, etc.)
- Anything that has mass and volume is considered matter, which is composed of atoms
Atoms
- Atoms are the smallest unit of matter
- Atoms are made of smaller particles called subatomic particles
- Subatomic particles include:
- Protons (positive charge)
- Neutrons (neutral charge)
- Electrons (negative charge)
- The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom
- The number of neutrons can affect an atom's properties
- Atoms combine to form molecules and compounds, which form all substances
Atoms
- An ion is an atom or molecule with an electrical charge due to lost or gained electrons
- Cations are positively charged ions; formed when an atom loses electrons
- Anions are negatively charged ions; formed when an atom gains electrons
Elements
- An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances
- Each element is made of only one type of atom
- Elements interact to form molecules and compounds
Isotopes
- Isotopes are variants of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and volume
- Matter exists in different forms or states (solid, liquid, gas)
- There is different properties that describe matter (physical/chemical)
- Physical and chemical properties of matter can be measured or observed without changing its identity
Physical Properties
- Physical properties describe the physical characteristics of a substance
- Examples of physical properties include:
- Malleability
- Luster
- Ductility
- Melting point
- Boiling point
- Conductivity
- Magnetism
- Density
- Solubility
- Hardness
- Color
- Texture
- Size
- State of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
- Melting point
- Boiling point
- Density
Chemical Properties
- Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with other substances
- Examples of chemical properties include:
- Flammability
- Reactivity
- Toxicity
- Corrosion
- Combustion
- PH
- Radioactivity
Types of Matter
- Elements
- Compounds: elements combined in fixed ratios
- Mixtures: combination of elements or compounds, not combined in fixed ratios
Different Levels of Organization and Matter
- Atom - Molecule - Compound - Monomer-Polymer
- At the molecular and compound level, the properties of elements change into unique properties of the new compound
The Elements of Life
- The essential elements for life are commonly represented by CHONPS
- The four main types of biomolecules are:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for cells
- They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- Carbohydrates are classified into three categories
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
- Disaccharides (two simple sugars bonded together)
- Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
Proteins
- Proteins are made of amino acids
- They have diverse functions in the body, including structural support, enzyme activity, and transport
- Proteins are classified based on their structure
- Primary structure
- Secondary structure
- Tertiary structure
- Quaternary structure
Lipids
- Lipids are a diverse group of biomolecules that are typically hydrophobic. They are a major component of cell membranes, such as fats, oils, or waxes.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information
- The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA
- DNA is a double-stranded molecule; the genetic material of most cells
- RNA is a single-stranded molecule; plays a role in protein synthesis
Micronutrients
- Micronutrients are consumed in small amounts and are divided into two categories:
- Water soluble vitamins
- Fat soluble vitamins
- They are essential for various bodily functions, including energy production, blood clotting, growth, etc.
Minerals
- Minerals contain necessary nutrients for bodily functions, essential for the human body
- There are macrominerals and trace minerals
- Macrominerals are needed in larger quantities
- Trace Minerals are needed in smaller quantities
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of chemistry including the definition of matter and its significance in daily life. It also delves into the structure of atoms, including their subatomic particles, atomic number, and the formation of ions. Test your knowledge on these essential scientific concepts.
