Podcast
Questions and Answers
The measure of how well a material can allow the flow of electricity or heat is known as ______.
The measure of how well a material can allow the flow of electricity or heat is known as ______.
conductivity
The property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent is called ______.
The property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent is called ______.
solubility
The property of a material that indicates how resistant it is to being scratched is known as ______.
The property of a material that indicates how resistant it is to being scratched is known as ______.
hardness
The temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid is referred to as its ______.
The temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid is referred to as its ______.
The ability of a material to catch fire easily is termed its ______.
The ability of a material to catch fire easily is termed its ______.
The mass of a substance in a certain volume is defined as its ______.
The mass of a substance in a certain volume is defined as its ______.
The force that can attract or repel certain materials, caused by electric charges, is known as ______.
The force that can attract or repel certain materials, caused by electric charges, is known as ______.
The measure of how harmful a substance can be to living organisms is called ______.
The measure of how harmful a substance can be to living organisms is called ______.
An isotope is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of ______ in its nucleus.
An isotope is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of ______ in its nucleus.
H+ ion means it loses ______ electron.
H+ ion means it loses ______ electron.
In the periodic table, 'O' represents the element ______.
In the periodic table, 'O' represents the element ______.
Atoms are made up of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and ______.
Atoms are made up of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and ______.
A molecule made up of three elements is represented by the chemical formula ______.
A molecule made up of three elements is represented by the chemical formula ______.
Chemical properties are characteristics that can only be observed when a substance interacts with ______.
Chemical properties are characteristics that can only be observed when a substance interacts with ______.
A ______ is an ion with a positive charge, formed when an atom loses electrons.
A ______ is an ion with a positive charge, formed when an atom loses electrons.
A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded is called a ______.
A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded is called a ______.
The hardness and luster of a substance are considered its ______ properties.
The hardness and luster of a substance are considered its ______ properties.
An atom that has gained one or more electrons becomes a ______.
An atom that has gained one or more electrons becomes a ______.
The atomic number of Calcium (Ca) is ______.
The atomic number of Calcium (Ca) is ______.
The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the atomic ______.
The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the atomic ______.
Malleability is a property that allows materials, especially ______, to be shaped without breaking.
Malleability is a property that allows materials, especially ______, to be shaped without breaking.
Molecules are the smallest units of a ______ that can exist independently.
Molecules are the smallest units of a ______ that can exist independently.
An ______ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
An ______ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
There are currently ______ elements that have been discovered and organized in the periodic table.
There are currently ______ elements that have been discovered and organized in the periodic table.
Flashcards
Luster
Luster
How shiny or reflective a mineral or material's surface appears due to how light interacts with it.
Ductility
Ductility
The ability of a material to be stretched or deformed without breaking.
Melting Point
Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
Boiling Point
Boiling Point
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Conductivity
Conductivity
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Flammability
Flammability
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Density
Density
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Solubility
Solubility
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Isotope
Isotope
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Atomic Number
Atomic Number
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Mass Number
Mass Number
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Physical Property
Physical Property
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Chemical Property
Chemical Property
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Malleability
Malleability
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Electron Shell
Electron Shell
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Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
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What is Chemistry?
What is Chemistry?
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What are atoms?
What are atoms?
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What is an element?
What is an element?
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What determines an element?
What determines an element?
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What are molecules?
What are molecules?
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What are compounds?
What are compounds?
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What are ions?
What are ions?
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What is the periodic table?
What is the periodic table?
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Study Notes
What is Chemistry?
- Chemistry is the branch of science studying matter (everything)
- Understanding chemistry is crucial for comprehending how things work together
- Matter is used in daily routine activities (medicine, cooking, cleaning, etc.)
- Anything that has mass and volume is considered matter, which is composed of atoms
Atoms
- Atoms are the smallest unit of matter
- Atoms are made of smaller particles called subatomic particles
- Subatomic particles include:
- Protons (positive charge)
- Neutrons (neutral charge)
- Electrons (negative charge)
- The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom
- The number of neutrons can affect an atom's properties
- Atoms combine to form molecules and compounds, which form all substances
Atoms
- An ion is an atom or molecule with an electrical charge due to lost or gained electrons
- Cations are positively charged ions; formed when an atom loses electrons
- Anions are negatively charged ions; formed when an atom gains electrons
Elements
- An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances
- Each element is made of only one type of atom
- Elements interact to form molecules and compounds
Isotopes
- Isotopes are variants of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and volume
- Matter exists in different forms or states (solid, liquid, gas)
- There is different properties that describe matter (physical/chemical)
- Physical and chemical properties of matter can be measured or observed without changing its identity
Physical Properties
- Physical properties describe the physical characteristics of a substance
- Examples of physical properties include:
- Malleability
- Luster
- Ductility
- Melting point
- Boiling point
- Conductivity
- Magnetism
- Density
- Solubility
- Hardness
- Color
- Texture
- Size
- State of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
- Melting point
- Boiling point
- Density
Chemical Properties
- Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with other substances
- Examples of chemical properties include:
- Flammability
- Reactivity
- Toxicity
- Corrosion
- Combustion
- PH
- Radioactivity
Types of Matter
- Elements
- Compounds: elements combined in fixed ratios
- Mixtures: combination of elements or compounds, not combined in fixed ratios
Different Levels of Organization and Matter
- Atom - Molecule - Compound - Monomer-Polymer
- At the molecular and compound level, the properties of elements change into unique properties of the new compound
The Elements of Life
- The essential elements for life are commonly represented by CHONPS
- The four main types of biomolecules are:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for cells
- They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- Carbohydrates are classified into three categories
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
- Disaccharides (two simple sugars bonded together)
- Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
Proteins
- Proteins are made of amino acids
- They have diverse functions in the body, including structural support, enzyme activity, and transport
- Proteins are classified based on their structure
- Primary structure
- Secondary structure
- Tertiary structure
- Quaternary structure
Lipids
- Lipids are a diverse group of biomolecules that are typically hydrophobic. They are a major component of cell membranes, such as fats, oils, or waxes.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information
- The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA
- DNA is a double-stranded molecule; the genetic material of most cells
- RNA is a single-stranded molecule; plays a role in protein synthesis
Micronutrients
- Micronutrients are consumed in small amounts and are divided into two categories:
- Water soluble vitamins
- Fat soluble vitamins
- They are essential for various bodily functions, including energy production, blood clotting, growth, etc.
Minerals
- Minerals contain necessary nutrients for bodily functions, essential for the human body
- There are macrominerals and trace minerals
- Macrominerals are needed in larger quantities
- Trace Minerals are needed in smaller quantities
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