Introduction to Cells: Cell Theory and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the fundamental unit of life according to the Cell Theory?

  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Cell (correct)
  • Molecule

What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

  • Number of cells
  • Function of cells (correct)
  • Shape of cells
  • Size of cells

What is the self-sustaining system that involves DNA, RNA, and proteins?

  • Immune system
  • The central dogma (correct)
  • Central nervous system
  • Cell division

Who is credited with the discovery of protozoa?

<p>Leeuwenhoek (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

<p>They have no nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Cell Theory in 1839?

<p>Schleiden and Schwann (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

<p>To generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the internal membranes in eukaryotic cells?

<p>They are made up of lipid bilayers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells?

<p>To synthesize ribosomal RNA and assemble ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cells?

<p>It is rudimentary or very basic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

<p>The presence of a nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Archaea?

<p>They are able to live in hostile environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the nuclear envelope and internal membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotes?

<p>Folding of the archaeal plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of mitochondria across different kingdoms of eukaryotes?

<p>Essentially the same in plants, animals, and fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

<p>Secretory and membrane protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

<p>Presence or absence of ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in muscle cells?

<p>Calcium storage and muscle contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What receives proteins and lipids as cargo from the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

<p>Golgi Apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the membranous branches in the Asgard archaeal cell?

<p>To encapsulate other prokaryotic species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often do the Asgard cells divide in a bioreactor that mimics conditions on the seabed floor?

<p>Once every 20 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hypothesized origin of mitochondria?

<p>From ancient, symbiotic relationships between bacteria and archaea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely fate of the aerobic bacterium after being surrounded by the membranous branches of the Asgard archaeon?

<p>It forms a symbiotic relationship with the archaeal cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the internal membrane that initially encloses the engulfed bacterium?

<p>From the archaeal cell's plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate fate of the engulfed bacterium in the evolution of mitochondria?

<p>It evolves into a mitochondrion with its own DNA and surrounding membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of GTP hydrolysis on the protein?

<p>The protein switches to an 'OFF' inactive state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of GDP dissociation from the protein?

<p>Slow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a kinase enzyme?

<p>To transfer a phosphate group to a protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of phosphorylation on protein function?

<p>It controls protein function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of GTP binding to the protein?

<p>The protein becomes active (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nucleotide binding in proteins?

<p>To control protein shape, activity, and function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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