Introduction to Cell Signaling in Physiology: Receptors and Signaling Pathways
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Questions and Answers

What type of proteins play a critical role in immune defenses and primarily signal through receptors linked to JAK kinases?

  • Cytokines (correct)
  • G Protein-Coupled Receptors
  • Ion Channels
  • Enzymes

Which subunit of G proteins can bind both GDP and GTP?

  • Delta subunit
  • Alpha subunit (correct)
  • Gamma subunit
  • Beta subunit

What happens to the alpha subunit of a G protein when it binds to GTP?

  • It links up with an enzyme
  • It becomes inactive
  • It dissociates from the beta and gamma subunits (correct)
  • It binds to the receptor

What is the function of beta and gamma subunits in G proteins?

<p>Anchor the alpha subunit in the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are termed plasma membrane effector proteins for their role in mediating cell responses?

<p>Enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the activated alpha subunit of a G protein after dissociating from beta and gamma subunits?

<p>It links up with an ion channel or enzyme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are associated with receptors in signaling pathways involving multiple distinct members like G proteins?

<p>G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the affinity of the alpha subunit of a G protein when the receptor is activated?

<p>It increases for GTP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the family of heterotrimeric proteins located on the cytosolic surface of the plasma membrane associated with G-Protein-Coupled Receptors?

<p>G Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteins play a critical role in immune defenses and signal via receptors linked to JAK kinases?

<p>Cytokines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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