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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of G protein-coupled receptors?

  • Inhibit synaptic transmission
  • Transport ions across the membrane
  • Amplify signals by generating second messenger molecules (correct)
  • Initiate the action potential in nerve cells
  • Which type of receptor is known for producing the most rapid intracellular responses?

  • Catalytic receptors
  • Cholesterol receptors
  • Steroid hormone receptors
  • Ligand-gated ion channels (correct)
  • In signal transduction, what do secondary messengers primarily function as?

  • Transcription factors
  • Receptor stabilizers
  • Membrane transporters
  • Signal amplifiers (correct)
  • Which molecule acts as a precursor for steroid hormones?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key event that occurs when an action potential arrives at an axon in synaptic transmission?

    <p>Opening of ligand-gated ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of membrane receptors is responsible for altering membrane permeability to ions?

    <p>Ligand-gated ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in signal transduction?

    <p>Triggers the activation of a receptor that alters intracellular molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is converted to 5'-AMP by phosphodiesterase (PDE) in the G protein-coupled adenylyl cyclase-cAMP system?

    <p>cAMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Gas in the G protein-coupled adenylyl cyclase-cAMP system?

    <p>Activates adenylyl cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism responsible for turning off the cellular response in signal transduction?

    <p>GPCR desensitization by arrestin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In signal transduction, what determines the target response?

    <p>Target receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of guanylyl cyclase in catalytic receptor enzymes?

    <p>Converts GTP to cyclic GMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is associated with the conversion of cGMP to cGMP-dependent kinase in secondary messenger signaling?

    <p>Receptor Guanylyl Cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common downstream target of Janus kinases (JAKs) in signal transduction pathways?

    <p>STAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is involved in auto-phosphorylation and recruitment of SH2 domain containing proteins?

    <p>Receptor Tyrosine Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule activates a cGMP-dependent kinase in secondary messenger signaling pathways?

    <p>cGMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors include protein kinases like tyrosine kinase and guanylyl cyclase in their structure?

    <p>Catalytic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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