Introduction to C Programming

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Questions and Answers

What is the output type of the variable 'charge' when printed using printf?

Float (correct)

Character

Double

Integer

Which of the following is a valid identifier in C?

my variable

_myVariable (correct)

my-variable

1stVariable

Which of the following correctly represents how constants are defined in C?

constant PI = 3.14;

#define PI 3.14159 (correct)

const PI = 3.14;

define const PI 3.14159

What is the purpose of reserved keywords in C?

To perform specific operations within the code Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding preprocessor directives in C?

They begin with a # and do not end with a semicolon. Signup and view all the answers

What will the result of the expression 17 / 5 be?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the remainder when 75 is divided by 5?

0 Signup and view all the answers

Which operator is used to get the remainder after integer division in C?

% Signup and view all the answers

If the variable x is defined as int x = 7; what is the value of x % 4?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic data type in C?

string Signup and view all the answers

What will be the final value of product if initialized as int product = 1; and multiplied by 5, 10, and 3?

150 Signup and view all the answers

How do you correctly declare a float variable in C?

float x, y; Signup and view all the answers

If you need a variable to store a value with a fractional part, which data type should you use?

float Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the getch() and getche() functions?

getche() displays the character typed on the screen. Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would you use a switch statement instead of a series of if statements?

When the control statement involves multiple constant integral values. Signup and view all the answers

What does the goto statement do in a program?

It jumps to a specified label, bypassing certain statements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of the do…while loop compared to the while loop?

It allows the loop body to be executed at least once. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the switch statement is false?

It requires a default case to function. Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if no break statement is included in a switch case?

All cases below the matched case will execute until a break is encountered. Signup and view all the answers

What type of values can the switch statement evaluate?

Only constant integral values. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the use of the break statement within a switch case?

It exits the switch block and continues with the next statement after the switch. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct first step in the programming process in C?

Write the source code using a text editor or IDE Signup and view all the answers

Why is C considered case sensitive?

ROBO, Robo, and robo are treated as distinct identifiers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about comments in C?

Comments are ignored by the compiler Signup and view all the answers

What terminates a programming statement in C?

A semi-colon Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the #include directive in C?

To include variables or function definitions from header files Signup and view all the answers

How does the compiler search for a file included with double quotes ""?

It searches in the current directory first Signup and view all the answers

What character is used to indicate the start of a multi-line comment in C?

/* Signup and view all the answers

What defines a block of code in C?

Braces { } Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a null pointer in C?

It indicates that the pointer is currently not pointing to any valid address. Signup and view all the answers

What does a pointer in C primarily store?

The address of a variable Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding pointer arithmetic in C?

You can subtract two pointers to get the number of elements between them. Signup and view all the answers

What operator is used to access the value at the address stored in a pointer?

<ul> <li></li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

When assigning the address to a pointer variable, which symbol is used to obtain the address?

& Signup and view all the answers

In the context of pointer size, what is the size of a pointer in a 16-bit compiler?

2 bytes Signup and view all the answers

What does the map() function do?

It maps a number from one range to another. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the behavior of the map() function when handling out-of-range values?

It allows out-of-range values to be used as intended and useful. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Programming Steps

Step 1: Write the Source Code - Use a text editor (like Notepad++) or an IDE (like CodeBlocks) to input source code.
Step 2: Build Executable Code - Compile and link the source code into an executable file (e.g., "Program1.exe") using the IDE build function.
Step 3: Run Executable Code - Execute the program by using the "Run" button in the IDE.

C Terminology and Syntax

Case Sensitivity - C is case sensitive; 'ROBO', 'Robo', and 'robo' are treated as distinct identifiers.
Comments - Multi-line comments begin with /* and end with */, while single-line comments start with // and end at the line's end; both are ignored by the compiler.
Statements - Each programming statement must end with a semi-colon (;).
Preprocessor Directives - #include is used for including header files and does not end with a semi-colon; they are processed before compilation.

Header Files

Purpose - Header files contain function definitions and variable declarations.
File Inclusion - Use angle brackets < > for system headers (e.g., <string.h>) and double quotes " " for user-defined headers to specify search directories.

Block Definition

Block - A group of statements enclosed in braces { }, treated as a single unit by the compiler.

Basic Arithmetic Operators

Integer Division - Yields an integer result; e.g., 7 / 4 results in 1.
Remainder Operator (%) - Returns the remainder after integer division; e.g., 7 % 4 yields 3.

Program Structure

Definition - A program consists of sequentially executed programming statements.
Class Practice Exercises - Include tasks such as printing letters, prompting for integers, and calculating sums or products.

Data Types

Basic Data Types - Include int, char, float, and double. Examples:
- int length;
- char day;
- float x;
- double electron_mass;

Specifiers and Variable Naming

Naming Rules - Identifiers can start with a letter or underscore, using lowercase for variables and uppercase for constants.
Reserved Keywords - Include keywords like int, char, if, else, which have special significance in C.

Constants in C

Definition - Constants are defined using the #define preprocessor directive (e.g., #define PI 3.14159).

Input Functions

Getch() and Getche() - getch() reads a character without displaying it, while getche() echoes the character to the screen.

Control Statements

Switch Statement - Facilitates multi-selection control flow using case labels for different outcomes; can include a default option.
Goto Statement - Allows jumping to a specific label in the code, potentially altering execution flow.

Loop Statements

Do…While Loop - Executes the loop body at least once, checking the loop condition afterward.

Pointer Syntax

Pointer Declaration - Syntax is data_type *var_name; (e.g., int *p;).
Pointer Operations - Pointers store memory addresses; use & to get an address and * to access the pointed value.

Mapping Function

Map() Function - Maps a number from one range to another without constraining the value within limits; useful for adjusting ranges including negatives.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental steps of C programming, highlighting the process from writing source code in a text editor to building executable code. Ideal for beginners looking to grasp the basics of programming in C, it emphasizes practical tools like NotePad++ and CodeBlocks for code development.