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Questions and Answers
What is the output type of the variable 'charge' when printed using printf?
Which of the following is a valid identifier in C?
Which of the following correctly represents how constants are defined in C?
What is the purpose of reserved keywords in C?
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Which statement is true regarding preprocessor directives in C?
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What will the result of the expression 17 / 5 be?
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What is the remainder when 75 is divided by 5?
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Which operator is used to get the remainder after integer division in C?
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If the variable x is defined as int x = 7; what is the value of x % 4?
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Which of the following is NOT a basic data type in C?
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What will be the final value of product if initialized as int product = 1; and multiplied by 5, 10, and 3?
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How do you correctly declare a float variable in C?
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If you need a variable to store a value with a fractional part, which data type should you use?
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What is the primary difference between the getch() and getche() functions?
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In which situation would you use a switch statement instead of a series of if statements?
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What does the goto statement do in a program?
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What is the key characteristic of the do…while loop compared to the while loop?
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Which of the following statements about the switch statement is false?
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What will happen if no break statement is included in a switch case?
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What type of values can the switch statement evaluate?
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Which statement accurately describes the use of the break statement within a switch case?
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What is the correct first step in the programming process in C?
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Why is C considered case sensitive?
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Which of the following statements is true about comments in C?
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What terminates a programming statement in C?
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What is the purpose of the #include directive in C?
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How does the compiler search for a file included with double quotes ""?
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What character is used to indicate the start of a multi-line comment in C?
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What defines a block of code in C?
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What is the significance of a null pointer in C?
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What does a pointer in C primarily store?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding pointer arithmetic in C?
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What operator is used to access the value at the address stored in a pointer?
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When assigning the address to a pointer variable, which symbol is used to obtain the address?
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In the context of pointer size, what is the size of a pointer in a 16-bit compiler?
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What does the map() function do?
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Which of the following best describes the behavior of the map() function when handling out-of-range values?
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Study Notes
Programming Steps
- Step 1: Write the Source Code - Use a text editor (like Notepad++) or an IDE (like CodeBlocks) to input source code.
- Step 2: Build Executable Code - Compile and link the source code into an executable file (e.g., "Program1.exe") using the IDE build function.
- Step 3: Run Executable Code - Execute the program by using the "Run" button in the IDE.
C Terminology and Syntax
- Case Sensitivity - C is case sensitive; 'ROBO', 'Robo', and 'robo' are treated as distinct identifiers.
- Comments - Multi-line comments begin with /* and end with */, while single-line comments start with // and end at the line's end; both are ignored by the compiler.
- Statements - Each programming statement must end with a semi-colon (;).
-
Preprocessor Directives -
#include
is used for including header files and does not end with a semi-colon; they are processed before compilation.
Header Files
- Purpose - Header files contain function definitions and variable declarations.
-
File Inclusion - Use angle brackets < > for system headers (e.g.,
<string.h>
) and double quotes " " for user-defined headers to specify search directories.
Block Definition
-
Block - A group of statements enclosed in braces
{ }
, treated as a single unit by the compiler.
Basic Arithmetic Operators
-
Integer Division - Yields an integer result; e.g.,
7 / 4
results in1
. -
Remainder Operator (%) - Returns the remainder after integer division; e.g.,
7 % 4
yields3
.
Program Structure
- Definition - A program consists of sequentially executed programming statements.
- Class Practice Exercises - Include tasks such as printing letters, prompting for integers, and calculating sums or products.
Data Types
-
Basic Data Types - Include
int
,char
,float
, anddouble
. Examples:-
int length;
-
char day;
-
float x;
-
double electron_mass;
-
Specifiers and Variable Naming
- Naming Rules - Identifiers can start with a letter or underscore, using lowercase for variables and uppercase for constants.
-
Reserved Keywords - Include keywords like
int
,char
,if
,else
, which have special significance in C.
Constants in C
-
Definition - Constants are defined using the
#define
preprocessor directive (e.g.,#define PI 3.14159
).
Input Functions
-
Getch() and Getche() -
getch()
reads a character without displaying it, whilegetche()
echoes the character to the screen.
Control Statements
- Switch Statement - Facilitates multi-selection control flow using case labels for different outcomes; can include a default option.
- Goto Statement - Allows jumping to a specific label in the code, potentially altering execution flow.
Loop Statements
- Do…While Loop - Executes the loop body at least once, checking the loop condition afterward.
Pointer Syntax
-
Pointer Declaration - Syntax is
data_type *var_name;
(e.g.,int *p;
). -
Pointer Operations - Pointers store memory addresses; use
&
to get an address and*
to access the pointed value.
Mapping Function
- Map() Function - Maps a number from one range to another without constraining the value within limits; useful for adjusting ranges including negatives.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental steps of C programming, highlighting the process from writing source code in a text editor to building executable code. Ideal for beginners looking to grasp the basics of programming in C, it emphasizes practical tools like NotePad++ and CodeBlocks for code development.