Tips for Writing Reliable Source Code

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Explain the big bang approach in program integration.

Constructing the program all at once without incremental testing.

What is incremental integration and how does it differ from the big bang approach?

Incremental integration involves constructing and testing the program in small increments, making error isolation easier.

Describe top-down integration testing.

It is an incremental approach where modules subordinate to the main control module are incorporated either in a depth-first or breadth-first manner.

What is the difference between depth-first and breadth-first integration?

Depth-first integrates components on a major control path, while breadth-first integrates all components directly subordinate at each level. Signup and view all the answers

In the top-down integration process, which components would be integrated first if the left hand path is selected?

Components M1, M2, and M5 would be integrated first. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the breadth-first integration process.

It incorporates all components directly subordinate at each level, moving across the structure horizontally. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have neat, simple, and clear source code during software reviews?

Neat, simple, and clear source code makes it easier to fix any defects found during software reviews. Signup and view all the answers

What should software developers consider when designing a software product?

Software developers should design the software product with future enhancements in consideration and have a solid structure. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the existing software structure cannot handle additional source code during enhancements?

The software structure becomes shaky and it is better to restructure the software design and write new code based on the new structure. Signup and view all the answers

Why is software safety important in industries where human lives are concerned?

Software products used in industries like medicine, healthcare, road safety, and hazardous material handling must operate correctly with an error rate less than 0.00001% to ensure human lives are saved or not in danger. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the key focus when writing software code for industries where human lives are concerned?

The software code must have inbuilt safety harnesses to ensure foolproof operation. Signup and view all the answers

How can software developers ensure that the software structure can accommodate future enhancements?

Software developers can ensure a reliable software structure by designing the software product with future enhancements in consideration and having a solid structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of bottom-up integration testing over other integration testing approaches?

The main advantage of bottom-up integration testing is that it eliminates the need for stubs, as components are integrated from the lowest levels upward and the processing required for subordinate components is always available. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the steps involved in the bottom-up integration testing process.

The steps in the bottom-up integration testing process are: 1) Low-level components are combined into clusters that perform specific software sub-functions, 2) A driver program is written to coordinate test case input and output for the cluster, 3) The cluster is tested, 4) Drivers are removed and the clusters are combined moving upward in the program structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the driver program in bottom-up integration testing?

The purpose of the driver program in bottom-up integration testing is to coordinate test case input and output for the cluster of low-level components being tested. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the need for stubs eliminated in bottom-up integration testing?

The need for stubs is eliminated in bottom-up integration testing because the processing required for components subordinate to a given level is always available as the components are integrated from the lowest levels upward. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the example of bottom-up integration testing provided in the text.

In the example, components are first combined into clusters 1, 2, and 3, each of which is tested using a driver program. Then, the drivers are removed and clusters 1 and 2 (which are subordinate to module Ma) are integrated directly with Ma. Similarly, cluster 3 is integrated directly with module Mb, before both Ma and Mb are ultimately integrated with component Mc. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three choices presented to the Tester in the initial paragraph?

The three choices presented to the Tester are: 1) Delay many tests until stubs are replaced with actual modules, 2) Develop stubs that perform limited functions to simulate the actual module, 3) Integrate the software from the bottom of the hierarchy upward (bottom-up integration). Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate Cyclomatic Complexity in Method-01?

Total number of closed regions in the control flow graph + 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate Cyclomatic Complexity in Method-02?

E–N+2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate Cyclomatic Complexity in Method-03?

P+1 Signup and view all the answers

How many paths are there in the Control flow graph for Problem 4?

4 Signup and view all the answers

In Basis Path Testing, how many independent paths are derived for V(G) = 4?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Basis Path Testing?

To derive a basis set of linearly independent paths for testing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of regression testing?

To ensure that changes or modifications to the software do not introduce unintended behavior or additional errors. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the three different classes of test cases included in regression testing.

<ol> <li>A representative sample of tests that exercise all software functions. 2) Additional tests that focus on software functions likely to be affected by the change. 3) Tests that focus on the software components that have been modified.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How can regression testing be conducted?

Regression testing can be conducted manually by re-executing a subset of test cases, or using automated capture/playback tools. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of capture/playback tools in regression testing?

Capture/playback tools enable the software engineer to capture test cases and results for subsequent playback and comparison. Signup and view all the answers

Why is regression testing necessary during integration testing?

During integration testing, when new modules are added, new data flow paths, I/O, and control logic are introduced, which may cause problems with previously working functions. Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of regression tests evolve as integration testing progresses?

As integration testing proceeds, the number of regression tests can grow quite large. Signup and view all the answers