Tips for Writing Reliable Source Code

Constructing the program all at once without incremental testing.

Incremental integration involves constructing and testing the program in small increments, making error isolation easier.

It is an incremental approach where modules subordinate to the main control module are incorporated either in a depth-first or breadth-first manner.

<p>Depth-first integrates components on a major control path, while breadth-first integrates all components directly subordinate at each level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Components M1, M2, and M5 would be integrated first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It incorporates all components directly subordinate at each level, moving across the structure horizontally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neat, simple, and clear source code makes it easier to fix any defects found during software reviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software developers should design the software product with future enhancements in consideration and have a solid structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The software structure becomes shaky and it is better to restructure the software design and write new code based on the new structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software products used in industries like medicine, healthcare, road safety, and hazardous material handling must operate correctly with an error rate less than 0.00001% to ensure human lives are saved or not in danger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The software code must have inbuilt safety harnesses to ensure foolproof operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software developers can ensure a reliable software structure by designing the software product with future enhancements in consideration and having a solid structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main advantage of bottom-up integration testing is that it eliminates the need for stubs, as components are integrated from the lowest levels upward and the processing required for subordinate components is always available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The steps in the bottom-up integration testing process are: 1) Low-level components are combined into clusters that perform specific software sub-functions, 2) A driver program is written to coordinate test case input and output for the cluster, 3) The cluster is tested, 4) Drivers are removed and the clusters are combined moving upward in the program structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of the driver program in bottom-up integration testing is to coordinate test case input and output for the cluster of low-level components being tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The need for stubs is eliminated in bottom-up integration testing because the processing required for components subordinate to a given level is always available as the components are integrated from the lowest levels upward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the example, components are first combined into clusters 1, 2, and 3, each of which is tested using a driver program. Then, the drivers are removed and clusters 1 and 2 (which are subordinate to module Ma) are integrated directly with Ma. Similarly, cluster 3 is integrated directly with module Mb, before both Ma and Mb are ultimately integrated with component Mc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three choices presented to the Tester are: 1) Delay many tests until stubs are replaced with actual modules, 2) Develop stubs that perform limited functions to simulate the actual module, 3) Integrate the software from the bottom of the hierarchy upward (bottom-up integration).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total number of closed regions in the control flow graph + 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E–N+2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P+1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To derive a basis set of linearly independent paths for testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that changes or modifications to the software do not introduce unintended behavior or additional errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>A representative sample of tests that exercise all software functions. 2) Additional tests that focus on software functions likely to be affected by the change. 3) Tests that focus on the software components that have been modified.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regression testing can be conducted manually by re-executing a subset of test cases, or using automated capture/playback tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capture/playback tools enable the software engineer to capture test cases and results for subsequent playback and comparison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During integration testing, when new modules are added, new data flow paths, I/O, and control logic are introduced, which may cause problems with previously working functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As integration testing proceeds, the number of regression tests can grow quite large.</p> Signup and view all the answers