Introduction to Bioremediation

<p>Lead (Pb) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citrobacter sp. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chelate toxic metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Van der Waals' forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron (Fe) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerated lagoon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biopiles do not contaminate additional soil. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Land farming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To resuspend settled coarse materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upward flow of liquid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure adequate aeration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can better control environmental parameters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires a large amount of space. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space-saving installations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stainless steel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic materials like straw or wood chips (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cumbersome installation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance hydrodynamic behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By recycling it onto the pile. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It effectively removes metals from acidic environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Halogen atoms are substituted by hydrogen atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiration and fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It supports the catabolic activity of microbes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recovery of microorganisms from treated effluents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms sensitive to water activity can enhance bioactivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A technique to enhance the recovery of microorganisms from treated waste. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To completely remove pollutants and their toxicity from a contaminated site. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of the contaminant in the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some chemical compounds are not biodegradable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is usually less expensive than other treatment technologies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biostimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The identification and isolation of specific bacteria that can degrade the targeted waste. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microorganisms break down contaminants into harmless byproducts, using them as a source of energy and nutrients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biorefining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using bacteria to break down oil spills in the ocean. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down contaminants into less harmful end products. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can offer a more comprehensive and effective cleanup solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bioaugmentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomonas putida (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that the bacteria do not negatively impact the surrounding environment or human health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The natural degradation process of contaminants over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong scientific support and multidisciplinary expertise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A natural process using microbes to transform contaminants into less harmful substances.

The breakdown of substances by living organisms like bacteria or fungi.

Enhancing microbial activity through adding nutrients or manipulating the environment.

Introducing specific organisms to a site to improve bioremediation effects.

Restoring the environment to its original state using living microbes.

Monitoring the natural degradation process to ensure contaminants decrease over time.

Stimulating microbial growth in soils by supplying oxygen from the air.

Precipitation of heavy metals as crystalline deposits through microbial actions.

Chemical compounds foreign to a biological system, often toxic and hard to break down.

The process by which microorganisms transform chemicals for energy and growth.

Selecting specific bacteria that can effectively degrade contaminants.

A method to isolate microorganisms that grow on specific substrates like xenobiotics.

Cost-effective, minimal disruption, and can be done onsite.

It may be slower than other methods and depends on environmental conditions.

Involves examining waste, isolating bacteria, testing, and applying them to the waste site.

Metals with significant health and environmental dangers, including Cd, Pb, Hg.

Metals that pose moderate risk, like Cr, Co, and Cu.

Metals with minimal risk, such as Al, Fe, and Zn.

Process where metal ions adhere to surfaces through van der Waals' forces.

Mechanism where metal ions swap with counter ions in polysaccharides of cell walls.

Binding of metal ions with organic molecules forming a stable ring structure.

Removal of metals via complex formation on cell surfaces with active groups.

Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and algae interact with metals through various mechanisms.

A process using microbes to reduce sulfate for remediation, removing metals from acid conditions.

A detoxification process where microbes replace halogens in organic compounds with hydrogen.

The conversion of higher oxidation states of elements to lower ones by microbes, affecting their toxicity.

Substances that accept electrons during microbial metabolism, affecting bioremediation efficacy.

A type of microbial metabolism that breaks down organic materials without oxygen.

Microbial metabolism process using electron acceptors like oxygen to produce energy.

Techniques to retain microorganisms during wastewater treatment for better recovery.

Methods to enhance bioremediation effectiveness, like air addition or alternate electron acceptors.

A bioremediation method treating contaminated solids like soil or sludge.

A method treating solid materials in liquid form within bioreactors.

Spreading contaminated soil in fields, like farmers tilling land.

Mixing contaminated soil with organic materials to decompose contaminants.

Piling contaminated soil with layers to allow ventilation for bacteria growth.

A vessel where microorganisms grow and degrade contaminants.

Ensuring enough oxygen is available for microbial activity in treatments.

Preventing contaminated water from seeping into the ground during treatments.

Bioreactors used for treating municipal wastewater with nutrient and aeration supply.

Cylindrical bioreactors that control pH, temperature, and mixing for volatile waste.

Reactors using small particles suspended in liquid for biological processes.

The process of adding nutrients to enhance microbial activity in bioreactors.

The process of introducing air into the reactor to support microbial growth.

Blades in LSARs used to resuspend settled materials.

Wastewater with concentrated pollutants requiring specialized treatment.

Structures in bioreactors that influence the slurry's hydrodynamics.