Introduction to Biology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate and comprehensive definition of biology?

The study of cells, genes, and heredity.
The study of the environment and the organisms that inhabit it.
The study of living organisms and their interactions with each other.
The study of the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms. (correct)

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between genes and traits, as described by the gene theory?

Traits determine the structure and function of genes.
Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins, which influence an organism's traits. (correct)
Traits are acquired during an organism's lifetime and passed on through genes.
Genes are only responsible for physical characteristics, not behavioral traits.

Which characteristic of life is MOST closely associated with the process of natural selection?

Reproduction
Adaptation (correct)
Energy Processing
Order

In the levels of biological organization, which of the following sequences is ordered correctly, from least to most complex?

Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of biology is MOST directly concerned with understanding the evolutionary relationships between different species?

Genetics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration?

Mitochondria (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cell membrane in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Controlling the entry and exit of substances (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does active transport differ from diffusion?

Active transport requires energy, while diffusion does not. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis?

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A mutation introduces a premature stop codon in the middle of a gene sequence. What is the MOST likely consequence of this mutation?

A non-functional or shortened protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Mendelian genetics, if a heterozygous individual (Aa) is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual (aa), what is the probability of producing offspring with the homozygous recessive genotype (aa)?

50% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur in a population?

A stable, unchanging environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?

Allopatric speciation involves geographic isolation, while sympatric speciation occurs in the same geographic area. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

Energy flows through ecosystems, with some energy being lost as heat at each trophic level. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The scientific study of life, including structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.

Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of cells.