Introduction to Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms.
It explores the structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy of all living things.

Botany: study of plants and their interactions with the environment.
Zoology: study of animals and their interactions with the environment.
Microbiology: study of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Ecology: study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Genetics: study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
Biochemistry: study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
Molecular Biology: study of the structure, function, and interactions of biological molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Molecule: basic building blocks of life, such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Cell: the basic structural and functional unit of life.
Tissue: group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Organ: structure composed of two or more types of tissues that perform a specific function.
Organ System: group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Organism: individual living thing, such as an animal, plant, or microorganism.
Population: group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.
Community: group of different species living in a specific area.
Ecosystem: community of living and non-living components interacting with each other.
Biosphere: all ecosystems on Earth.

Carbohydrates: provide energy and structure for cells.
Proteins: perform a wide range of functions, including catalysis, transport, and structure.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, which contain genetic information.
Lipids: provide energy, structure, and function as hormones and vitamins.

Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell.
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane.
Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA).
Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two daughter cells.
Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

Theory of Evolution: explains how species change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.
Natural Selection: process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Speciation: process by which a new species emerges from an existing one.

Scientific study of life and living organisms, exploring structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Botany: studies plants and their environmental interactions.
Zoology: studies animals and their environmental interactions.
Microbiology: studies microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Ecology: studies relationships between organisms and their environment.
Genetics: studies heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
Biochemistry: studies chemical processes within living organisms.
Molecular Biology: studies structure, function, and interactions of biological molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Molecule: basic building blocks of life, such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Cell: basic structural and functional unit of life.
Tissue: group of similar cells performing a specific function.
Organ: composed of two or more tissue types, performing a specific function.
Organ System: group of organs working together to perform a specific function.
Organism: individual living thing, such as an animal, plant, or microorganism.
Population: group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.
Community: group of different species living in a specific area.
Ecosystem: community of living and non-living components interacting with each other.
Biosphere: all ecosystems on Earth.

Theory of Evolution: explains species change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.
Natural Selection: favors individuals with favorable traits to survive and reproduce.
Speciation: process of a new species emerging from an existing one.