Introduction to Biological Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ventral roots of the spinal cord?

  • Controlling reflex actions
  • Receiving sensory input
  • Transmitting motor impulses (correct)
  • Transmitting sensory impulses

    • Which area of the brain is primarily linked to speech production?

  • Wernicke’s Area
  • Occipital Lobe
  • Temporal Lobe
  • Broca's Area (correct)

    • What did Camillo Golgi discover about the neuron?

  • It can conduct signals biochemically.
  • It has three distinct features. (correct)
  • It integrates all neural impulses.
  • It consists of multiple synapses.

    • What is another name for Physiological/Biological Psychology?

    <p>Behavioral Neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Charles Scott Sherrington coin?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual is credited with introducing a comprehensive theory about how the brain controls complex psychological functions?

    <p>Donald Hebb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discovery is attributed to Otto Loewi's research?

    <p>Chemical communication between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical figure believed that the mind resided in the heart?

    <p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Paul Broca's studies primarily focus on?

    <p>The effects of brain damage on speech production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was identified as an auditory comprehension center?

    <p>Wernicke’s Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the contributions to the rise of Biopsychology as a discipline observed in modern times?

    <p>The development of the electroencephalogram (EEG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major division is NOT included in the six major divisions of Biopsychology?

    <p>Cognitive Biopsychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique electrical signal did Julius Bernstein discover?

    <p>Action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed strongly in the theory that the brain is the locus of the mind?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term did Knight Dunlap use to explain the role of biology in behavior?

    <p>Psychobiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hypothesis did Erasistratos propose regarding human intelligence?

    <p>Intelligence is reflected by the number of brain convolutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did William James publish 'The Principles of Psychology'?

    <p>1890</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Galen's view on the brain's functions?

    <p>It controls movement and is associated with sensation and thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution did Avicenna make to biological psychology?

    <p>He linked emotions to biological ailments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Andreas Vesalius challenge the Galenic view of anatomy?

    <p>Through the dissection of human cadavers revealing specific anatomical details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did René Descartes propose regarding reflexive behavior?

    <p>It is an unconscious reaction to external stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discovery did Jean-Cesar Legallois make regarding the medulla?

    <p>Destruction of medulla tissue ceases respiration immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following temperaments was NOT part of Galen's Four Humours?

    <p>Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the study of the brain begin to flourish significantly?

    <p>Renaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution to neurobiology was made by Young in 1936?

    <p>Located a neuron in a squid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is NOT considered a brain imaging method?

    <p>Behavioral Experimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes physiological psychology?

    <p>Study of neural mechanisms through animal manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical consideration is mentioned regarding animal research?

    <p>Approval from a committee on animal research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common consequence of long-term use of OxyContin?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What case exemplifies neuropsychology?

    <p>Steve Wozniak's rehabilitation after a TBI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the specialization of psychopharmacology?

    <p>It is regarded as a separate discipline in biopsychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unethical practice was reported about Edward Taub's experiments?

    <p>Forced recovery methods involving electric shocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive neuroscience?

    <p>The neural mechanisms of human cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution imply in the context of psychology?

    <p>Genetic mutation leads to the psychological adaptation of species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key advantage of using human subjects in biopsychological research?

    <p>Humans are capable of complex cognitive functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The condition that differs between groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be controlled to classify a study as a true experiment?

    <p>Confounding variables need to be managed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of quasiexperimental studies?

    <p>They study groups exposed to conditions in the real world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the comparative approach in biopsychology primarily used for?

    <p>To investigate similarities and differences across species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using nonhuman subjects in research?

    <p>Greater evolutionary continuity with human brains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Define Physiological/Biological Psychology, also known as Biopsychology.
    • Explore the history and development of Biopsychology as a discipline over time.
    • Identify six key divisions of Biopsychology.
    • Understand the applications of Biopsychology in research.

    Physiological/Biological Psychology Overview

    • Scientific field examining the biology of behavior.
    • Intersects psychology and physiological processes focusing on the mind-body relationship.

    History of Biopsychology

    • William James (1890): Advocated for grounding psychology in biology.
    • Knight Dunlap: Coined “psychobiology” to highlight biology's role in behavior.
    • Donald Hebb (1949): Proposed a theory for the brain's control of complex psychological functions.
    • Case studies like Phineas Gage and advancements like EEG and CT scans propelled Biopsychology's recognition.

    Early Views of Brain and Behavior

    • Aristotle: Believed the mind resided in the heart.
    • Plato and Ancient Cultures: Associated reasoning with the heart and emotions with the liver.
    • Hippocrates: Asserted that the brain is the locus of the mind.

    Developments in Ancient Alexandria

    • Established human dissection practices leading to advances in understanding brain structures.
    • Herophilos: Distinguished between cerebellum and cerebrum.
    • Erasistratos: Linked brain convolutions to intelligence.
    • Galen (130-200 A.D.): Identified the brain as responsible for sensation and movement.

    Middle Ages to Renaissance Contributions

    • Avicenna (980-1037 C.E.): Acknowledged emotions' impact on health in his medical writings.
    • Andreas Vesalius: Challenged Galenic anatomy through cadaver dissections.
    • René Descartes: Introduced the reflexive theory explaining behavior through reflexes and stimuli.

    Discoveries of the 19th Century

    • Advancements in brain function localization:
      • Jean-Cesar Legallois: Investigated respiration through brain lesions.
      • Charles Belle & Francois Magendie: Differentiated spinal cord nerve functions.
      • Franz Joseph Gall & Johann Spurzheim: Developed phrenology linking skull shape to personality.
      • Paul Broca (1861): Identified Broca's Area critical for speech production.
      • Carl Wernicke (1874): Proposed Wernicke's Area for auditory comprehension.
    • Camillo Golgi: Defined the neuron’s structure using his staining technique.

    20th Century Discoveries

    • Charles Scott Sherrington: Coined "synapse" for neuron connection points.
    • Otto Loewi: Discovered chemical transmission between neurons, leading to neurotransmitter research.
    • Julius Bernstein: Defined action potential as an axonal electrical signal.
    • Brain imaging techniques (EEG, CT Scan, MRI) advanced understanding of brain-behavior links.

    Major Divisions of Biopsychology

    • Physiological Psychology: Studies neural mechanisms through nonhuman animal experiments under ethical guidelines.

    • Psychopharmacology: Examines how drugs affect the brain and behavior, with cases like OxyContin highlighting public health concerns.

    • Neuropsychology: Analyzes effects of brain damage, exemplified by Steve Wozniak’s recovery from TBI.

    • Cognitive Neuroscience: Investigates neural bases for human cognition, utilizing brain imaging technologies.

    • Comparative Psychology: Studies behavior evolution through comparisons across species, grounded in Darwin's theory of evolution.

    Biopsychology and Research

    • Human subjects offer insights due to the evolutionary continuity of brain structures.
    • Nonhuman subjects allow for simpler brain-behavior studies, comparative approaches, and ethical research on controversial topics.

    Research Methodologies

    • Experiments: Investigate causation using independent (manipulated) and dependent (measured) variables, employing between-subjects and within-subjects designs.
    • Nonexperiments: Quasiexperimental studies look at real-world groups without controlling confounding variables, providing observational insights.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of Physiological/Biological Psychology in this insightful quiz. Discover the history, major divisions, and applications of this fascinating discipline. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of biopsychology.

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