Introduction to Biochemistry

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following elements constitute about 98.5% of body weight?

Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese

Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium

Chlorine, Sulfur, Calcium, Phosphorus

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus (correct)

What is the atomic number of Carbon?

Electrons have a positive charge.

False

What are trace elements?

Elements that are present in minute amounts but play vital roles in the body. Signup and view all the answers

The simplest form of matter that has unique chemical properties is called an ______.

element Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals are important for nerve and muscle function?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a proton?

1 atomic mass unit (amu) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'valence electrons' refer to?

Electrons that orbit in the outermost shell of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a biological element?

Helium Signup and view all the answers

What is biochemistry?

The study of the molecules that compose living organisms Signup and view all the answers

The elements that make up 98.5% of body weight are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and ________.

phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

All elements in the human body are present in large quantities.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do minerals constitute in body weight?

About 4% Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of Carbon?

6 Signup and view all the answers

Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and Neutrons Signup and view all the answers

An atom is electrically neutral due to equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

False Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the planetary model of atomic structure?

Niels Bohr Signup and view all the answers

Electrolytes are needed for ________ and muscle function.

nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Biochemistry

Biochemistry focuses on the molecules in living organisms, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Understanding these molecules is essential for insights into cellular structures, physiology, nutrition, and health.

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Learning outcomes include identifying body elements by their symbols and distinguishing between elements and compounds.
Importance of minerals in the body includes functions in structure and enzyme activity.
Radioactivity principles and ionizing radiation hazards should be understood.
Differentiation between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals is essential.
Types of chemical bonds must be defined for comprehensive understanding.

The Chemical Elements

An element is the simplest form of matter with unique chemical properties.
The atomic number indicates the number of protons in an element's nucleus, determining its identity in the periodic table.
24 elements play biological roles, with 6 elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus—constituting 98.5% of body weight.
Trace elements, while present in minimal quantities, are crucial for various biological functions.

Role of Minerals

Minerals are inorganic elements sourced from soil, absorbed by plants, and integrated into the food chain.
Key minerals include calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and sulfur (S), accounting for about 4% of body weight.
Calcium is vital for structural components such as teeth and bones.
Mineral salts function as electrolytes necessary for nerve and muscle operations.

Atomic Structure

Neils Bohr proposed the planetary model of atomic structure in 1913.
Atoms consist of a nucleus (central core) containing protons (positively charged, 1 amu) and neutrons (neutral charge, 1 amu).
Atomic mass roughly equals the total count of protons and neutrons within the nucleus.
Electrons, which have a negative charge and negligible mass, orbit the nucleus in concentric shells.
An atom maintains electrical neutrality when the count of protons equals the number of electrons, with valence electrons influencing chemical bonding properties.

Introduction to Biochemistry

Biochemistry focuses on the molecules in living organisms, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Understanding these molecules is essential for insights into cellular structures, physiology, nutrition, and health.

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Learning outcomes include identifying body elements by their symbols and distinguishing between elements and compounds.
Importance of minerals in the body includes functions in structure and enzyme activity.
Radioactivity principles and ionizing radiation hazards should be understood.
Differentiation between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals is essential.
Types of chemical bonds must be defined for comprehensive understanding.

The Chemical Elements

An element is the simplest form of matter with unique chemical properties.
The atomic number indicates the number of protons in an element's nucleus, determining its identity in the periodic table.
24 elements play biological roles, with 6 elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus—constituting 98.5% of body weight.
Trace elements, while present in minimal quantities, are crucial for various biological functions.

Role of Minerals

Minerals are inorganic elements sourced from soil, absorbed by plants, and integrated into the food chain.
Key minerals include calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and sulfur (S), accounting for about 4% of body weight.
Calcium is vital for structural components such as teeth and bones.
Mineral salts function as electrolytes necessary for nerve and muscle operations.

Atomic Structure

Neils Bohr proposed the planetary model of atomic structure in 1913.
Atoms consist of a nucleus (central core) containing protons (positively charged, 1 amu) and neutrons (neutral charge, 1 amu).
Atomic mass roughly equals the total count of protons and neutrons within the nucleus.
Electrons, which have a negative charge and negligible mass, orbit the nucleus in concentric shells.
An atom maintains electrical neutrality when the count of protons equals the number of electrons, with valence electrons influencing chemical bonding properties.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of biochemistry, including the molecules essential to life such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. Test your knowledge on the role of chemical elements, ions, and the importance of minerals in bodily functions. Delve into the principles of radioactivity and chemical bonding.