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Questions and Answers
What best describes the primary focus of biochemical engineering?
What best describes the primary focus of biochemical engineering?
- Focusing exclusively on plant biology
- Developing computer models for biochemical reactions
- Executing biological processes on an industrial scale (correct)
- Creating solely chemical processes
Which of the following is NOT a component utilized in bioprocessing?
Which of the following is NOT a component utilized in bioprocessing?
- Animal cells
- Microbial cells
- Plant cells
- Physical chemicals (correct)
Bioprocessing plays a crucial role in which of the following industries?
Bioprocessing plays a crucial role in which of the following industries?
- Pharmaceutical (correct)
- Transportation
- Finance
- Telecommunications
What is one potential application of bioprocessing in waste management?
What is one potential application of bioprocessing in waste management?
How has the field of biochemical engineering changed in recent years?
How has the field of biochemical engineering changed in recent years?
Which statement about bioprocessing is accurate?
Which statement about bioprocessing is accurate?
Which of the following describes an example of bioprocessing application?
Which of the following describes an example of bioprocessing application?
What do biochemical engineers primarily provide between biology and chemical engineering?
What do biochemical engineers primarily provide between biology and chemical engineering?
What does modern biotechnology allow the manipulation of?
What does modern biotechnology allow the manipulation of?
What is the main purpose of cell fusion in biotechnology?
What is the main purpose of cell fusion in biotechnology?
What is a primary application of hybridoma technology?
What is a primary application of hybridoma technology?
Which statement best describes bioprocessing technologies?
Which statement best describes bioprocessing technologies?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern biotechnology?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern biotechnology?
What is the main benefit of biosynthetic insulin over earlier sources of insulin?
What is the main benefit of biosynthetic insulin over earlier sources of insulin?
What was the source of insulin before the development of biosynthetic versions?
What was the source of insulin before the development of biosynthetic versions?
Which of the following processes utilizes biofuels derived from superorganisms?
Which of the following processes utilizes biofuels derived from superorganisms?
Which of the following is a key feature of functional foods?
Which of the following is a key feature of functional foods?
What advancement allowed for the first approval of human insulin as a genetically engineered product?
What advancement allowed for the first approval of human insulin as a genetically engineered product?
What significant risk is associated with individuals suffering from Type 1 diabetes?
What significant risk is associated with individuals suffering from Type 1 diabetes?
How do computers based on biological molecules differ from traditional silicon-based computers?
How do computers based on biological molecules differ from traditional silicon-based computers?
What role do fermented foods and beverages play in health?
What role do fermented foods and beverages play in health?
What role do raw materials play in biological processes?
What role do raw materials play in biological processes?
What is considered an advantage of biological processes over traditional chemical processes?
What is considered an advantage of biological processes over traditional chemical processes?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a bioreactor?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a bioreactor?
What is one of the process development sciences utilized in fermentation?
What is one of the process development sciences utilized in fermentation?
In the context of fermentation, which statement accurately describes the process?
In the context of fermentation, which statement accurately describes the process?
What is a disadvantage associated with biological processes?
What is a disadvantage associated with biological processes?
Which option correctly reflects the nature of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in biological processes?
Which option correctly reflects the nature of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in biological processes?
What defines the concept of 'fermentation' in modern industry?
What defines the concept of 'fermentation' in modern industry?
What does the variable kxE0 relate to in enzyme kinetics?
What does the variable kxE0 relate to in enzyme kinetics?
In a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR), what happens to dCs/dt at steady-state?
In a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR), what happens to dCs/dt at steady-state?
Which condition is NOT an assumption of a batch reactor?
Which condition is NOT an assumption of a batch reactor?
Which plot can be used to analyze the change of CS over time in a batch reactor?
Which plot can be used to analyze the change of CS over time in a batch reactor?
How is the initial reaction rate related to enzyme activity?
How is the initial reaction rate related to enzyme activity?
What do the kinetic parameters in enzyme kinetics refer to?
What do the kinetic parameters in enzyme kinetics refer to?
What characteristic of an ideal reactor is highlighted in the content regarding a packed bed reactor?
What characteristic of an ideal reactor is highlighted in the content regarding a packed bed reactor?
What is the initial step to set up the rate equation in enzyme kinetics?
What is the initial step to set up the rate equation in enzyme kinetics?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Biochemical Engineering
- It involves conducting large-scale biological processes
- Bridging biological sciences with chemical engineering
- Growing importance due to recent developments in biotechnology
Bioprocessing Applications
- Its applications are essential in industries such as food, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
- It leverages microbial, animal, and plant cells and their components to produce new products
- Also includes destroying harmful waste
- Key applications include: pharmaceuticals and medicines, organ growth, food production, bio-based computers, and industrial processes like pollution clean-up
Biotechnology
- Traditional biotechnology refers to the use of living organisms or their components to produce or modify products, often associated with improving crops and livestock.
- Modern biotechnology includes:
- Recombinant DNA technology: manipulating genetic material to develop organisms that produce new products
- Cell fusion technology: combining cells to create hybrid cells with desirable characteristics
Bioprocessing Technologies
- Large-scale bioprocesses require a technologically feasible and economically efficient design
- Key components include:
- Biomass (nutrients and energy sources)
- Medium (liquid mixture of growth factors)
- Cell Culture: pure strain (microorganisms, animal or plant cells, or enzyme catalysts)
- Bioreactor/Fermenter: controls fermentation with components such as optimal design, operation, and control
- Product Recovery and Purification: ensures maximum purity with minimal cost
- Development and design rely on:
- Basic sciences: microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics
- Reaction kinetics
- Process control
- Separation processes
Biological Processes
- Their key advantages include:
- Mild reaction conditions
- Specificity
- Effectiveness
- Renewable resources
- Their key disadvantages include:
- Complex product mixtures
- Dilute aqueous environments
- Contamination
- Variability
Fermentation
- A process for production of alcohol or lactic acid from glucose (traditional definition)
- Originally referred to the metabolism of an organic compound under anaerobic conditions, now encompasses both aerobic and anaerobic large-scale culture of organisms
Enzyme Reactor with Simple Kinetics
- Assumes well-mixed batch reactor contents
- Steady-state Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) properties are constant with time
- Three reactor types:
- Batch Reactor
- Steady-State Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)
- Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)
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