Introduction to Biochemical Engineering
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Introduction to Biochemical Engineering

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Questions and Answers

What best describes the primary focus of biochemical engineering?

  • Focusing exclusively on plant biology
  • Developing computer models for biochemical reactions
  • Executing biological processes on an industrial scale (correct)
  • Creating solely chemical processes

    • Which of the following is NOT a component utilized in bioprocessing?

  • Animal cells
  • Microbial cells
  • Plant cells
  • Physical chemicals (correct)

    • Bioprocessing plays a crucial role in which of the following industries?

  • Pharmaceutical (correct)
  • Transportation
  • Finance
  • Telecommunications

    • What is one potential application of bioprocessing in waste management?

    <p>Producing alcohol and biofuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the field of biochemical engineering changed in recent years?

    <p>It has gained increasing relevance due to biotechnology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about bioprocessing is accurate?

    <p>It can create useful products while also managing waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an example of bioprocessing application?

    <p>Production of therapeutic chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do biochemical engineers primarily provide between biology and chemical engineering?

    <p>A practical link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does modern biotechnology allow the manipulation of?

    <p>Genetic material of individual cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of cell fusion in biotechnology?

    <p>To combine desirable characteristics from different cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary application of hybridoma technology?

    <p>Producing useful antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes bioprocessing technologies?

    <p>It requires a large-scale process to be economically efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern biotechnology?

    <p>Only involves traditional farming methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of biosynthetic insulin over earlier sources of insulin?

    <p>It is derived from genetically engineered bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the source of insulin before the development of biosynthetic versions?

    <p>Pancreas from pigs and cattle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes utilizes biofuels derived from superorganisms?

    <p>Removal of pollutants from water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of functional foods?

    <p>They promote health beyond basic nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advancement allowed for the first approval of human insulin as a genetically engineered product?

    <p>Splicing of the rat insulin gene into E. coli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant risk is associated with individuals suffering from Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Poor chance of normal life expectancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do computers based on biological molecules differ from traditional silicon-based computers?

    <p>They utilize DNA rather than silicon chips.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fermented foods and beverages play in health?

    <p>They can contribute to gut health and digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do raw materials play in biological processes?

    <p>They provide nutrients and energy sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an advantage of biological processes over traditional chemical processes?

    <p>Mild reaction conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a bioreactor?

    <p>Separation processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the process development sciences utilized in fermentation?

    <p>Microbiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of fermentation, which statement accurately describes the process?

    <p>It involves the enzymatic transformation of organic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage associated with biological processes?

    <p>Potential for environmental contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly reflects the nature of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in biological processes?

    <p>They have a high degree of specificity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the concept of 'fermentation' in modern industry?

    <p>The enzymatic transformation of organic compounds in a controlled environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable kxE0 relate to in enzyme kinetics?

    <p>The maximum velocity of enzymatic reaction, Vmax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR), what happens to dCs/dt at steady-state?

    <p>It approaches zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT an assumption of a batch reactor?

    <p>The system reaches equilibrium quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plot can be used to analyze the change of CS over time in a batch reactor?

    <p>(CS0-CS)/ln(CS0/CS) vs. t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the initial reaction rate related to enzyme activity?

    <p>It should be computed in terms of how much enzyme was used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the kinetic parameters in enzyme kinetics refer to?

    <p>They reflect the rate of product formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of an ideal reactor is highlighted in the content regarding a packed bed reactor?

    <p>It can effectively mimic multi-staged reactors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step to set up the rate equation in enzyme kinetics?

    <p>Determine the rate limiting step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Biochemical Engineering

    • It involves conducting large-scale biological processes
    • Bridging biological sciences with chemical engineering
    • Growing importance due to recent developments in biotechnology

    Bioprocessing Applications

    • Its applications are essential in industries such as food, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
    • It leverages microbial, animal, and plant cells and their components to produce new products
    • Also includes destroying harmful waste
    • Key applications include: pharmaceuticals and medicines, organ growth, food production, bio-based computers, and industrial processes like pollution clean-up

    Biotechnology

    • Traditional biotechnology refers to the use of living organisms or their components to produce or modify products, often associated with improving crops and livestock.
    • Modern biotechnology includes:
      • Recombinant DNA technology: manipulating genetic material to develop organisms that produce new products
      • Cell fusion technology: combining cells to create hybrid cells with desirable characteristics

    Bioprocessing Technologies

    • Large-scale bioprocesses require a technologically feasible and economically efficient design
    • Key components include:
      • Biomass (nutrients and energy sources)
      • Medium (liquid mixture of growth factors)
      • Cell Culture: pure strain (microorganisms, animal or plant cells, or enzyme catalysts)
      • Bioreactor/Fermenter: controls fermentation with components such as optimal design, operation, and control
      • Product Recovery and Purification: ensures maximum purity with minimal cost
    • Development and design rely on:
      • Basic sciences: microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics
      • Reaction kinetics
      • Process control
      • Separation processes

    Biological Processes

    • Their key advantages include:
      • Mild reaction conditions
      • Specificity
      • Effectiveness
      • Renewable resources
    • Their key disadvantages include:
      • Complex product mixtures
      • Dilute aqueous environments
      • Contamination
      • Variability

    Fermentation

    • A process for production of alcohol or lactic acid from glucose (traditional definition)
    • Originally referred to the metabolism of an organic compound under anaerobic conditions, now encompasses both aerobic and anaerobic large-scale culture of organisms

    Enzyme Reactor with Simple Kinetics

    • Assumes well-mixed batch reactor contents
    • Steady-state Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) properties are constant with time
    • Three reactor types:
      • Batch Reactor
      • Steady-State Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)
      • Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)

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    Description

    Explore the field of Biochemical Engineering that integrates biological sciences with chemical engineering for large-scale processes. This quiz covers applications in various industries including pharmaceuticals and food production, highlighting the significance of biotechnology. Test your knowledge on concepts like recombinant DNA technology and bioprocessing.

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