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Questions and Answers
Which HTML element defines the most important heading?
Which HTML element defines the most important heading?
- `<h6>`
- `<head>`
- `<h1>` (correct)
- `<heading>`
Which HTML tag is used to define a paragraph?
Which HTML tag is used to define a paragraph?
- `<h1>`
- `<break>`
- `<p>` (correct)
- `<paragraph>`
Which attribute is used to specify the URL of a link in HTML?
Which attribute is used to specify the URL of a link in HTML?
- `src`
- `url`
- `link`
- `href` (correct)
What does the alt attribute do for an <img> tag?
What does the alt attribute do for an <img> tag?
Which HTML tag is used to create an unordered list?
Which HTML tag is used to create an unordered list?
Which HTML element contains meta-information about the HTML document?
Which HTML element contains meta-information about the HTML document?
Which HTML element defines a division or a section in an HTML document?
Which HTML element defines a division or a section in an HTML document?
Which attribute is used to provide a unique identifier for an HTML element?
Which attribute is used to provide a unique identifier for an HTML element?
Which HTML element is used to embed audio content in an HTML document?
Which HTML element is used to embed audio content in an HTML document?
What does © represent in HTML?
What does © represent in HTML?
Flashcards
What is HTML?
What is HTML?
The standard markup language for creating web pages; provides the structure of a webpage.
What are <h1> to <h6>?
What are <h1> to <h6>?
Elements that define headings, with <h1> being the most important (largest) and <h6> the least.
What does <a> define?
What does <a> define?
An element that defines a hyperlink; uses the href attribute to specify the URL.
What does <img> define?
What does <img> define?
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What are <b>, <i>, <em>?
What are <b>, <i>, <em>?
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What is the <audio> element?
What is the <audio> element?
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What is the <video> element?
What is the <video> element?
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What is Semantic HTML?
What is Semantic HTML?
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What is the id attribute?
What is the id attribute?
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What is the class attribute?
What is the class attribute?
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Study Notes
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages
- It provides the structure of a webpage, which is then styled with CSS and made interactive with JavaScript.
HTML Structure
- HTML documents are composed of elements, which are defined by start and end tags
- HTML documents start with a
<!DOCTYPE html>declaration, which tells the browser that this is an HTML5 document - The basic structure includes:
<!DOCTYPE html>: Declaration that defines the document as HTML5<html>: The root element of an HTML page and contains all other elements.<head>: Contains meta-information about the HTML document, such as the title, character set, and links to stylesheets<title>: Specifies a title for the HTML page; shown in the browser's title bar or tab<body>: Contains the visible page content and can contain text, images, links, tables, lists, and more.
HTML Head Element
- The
<head>element contains meta-information about the HTML document <meta>tags provide metadata about the HTML document, such as character set, description, keywords, author, and viewport settings<link>: Defines the relationship between the current document and an external resource; most used to link to style sheets<style>: Defines internal CSS styles<base>: Specifies a base URL for all relative URLs in a page
Basic HTML Elements
<h1>to<h6>: Defines HTML headings;<h1>defines the most important heading, and<h6>defines the least important heading<p>: Defines a paragraph<a>: Defines a hyperlink; uses thehrefattribute to specify the URL, and is used to link to other web pages or resources.<img>: Defines an image; uses thesrcattribute to specify the path to the image,altfor alternate text<br>: Inserts a single line break<hr>: Defines a horizontal rule<!--...-->: Defines an HTML comment<ol>: Defines an ordered list<ul>: Defines an unordered list<li>: Defines a list item<div>: Defines a division or a section in an HTML document; used as a container for other HTML elements<span>: An inline container used to mark up a part of a text, or a part of a document
HTML Attributes
- HTML elements can have attributes, which provide additional information about the element
- Attributes are specified in the start tag
- Attributes come in name-value pairs: name="value"
- Common attributes include:
class: Specifies a class name for an element; used by CSS and JavaScriptid: Specifies a unique id for an element; used by CSS and JavaScriptstyle: Specifies an inline CSS style for an elementsrc: Specifies the URL of an image (for<img>)href: Specifies the URL of a link (for<a>)alt: Specifies an alternate text for an image (for<img>)title: Specifies extra information about an element; displayed as a tooltipwidth: Specifies the width of an elementheight: Specifies the height of an element
HTML Formatting
- HTML includes elements for defining formatted text
<b>: Defines bold text<strong>: Defines important text; usually displayed in bold<i>: Defines italic text<em>: Defines emphasized text; usually displayed in italic<mark>: Defines marked or highlighted text<small>: Defines smaller text<del>: Defines deleted text<ins>: Defines inserted text<sub>: Defines subscript text<sup>: Defines superscript text
HTML Lists
Ordered Lists
<ol>: Represents an ordered list- List items are typically displayed with numbers
- The
typeattribute can specify the numbering type (e.g., "1", "A", "a", "I", "i")
Unordered Lists
<ul>: Represents an unordered list- List items are typically displayed with bullet points
- The
typeattribute can specify the bullet style (e.g., "disc", "circle", "square")
List Items
<li>: Represents a list item- Used within both ordered and unordered lists
HTML Tables
<table>: Defines an HTML table<tr>: Defines a table row<th>: Defines a table header cell<td>: Defines a table data cell<caption>: Defines a table caption
HTML Forms
- HTML forms are used to collect user input
<form>: Defines an HTML form for user input- Attributes include
action(specifies where to send the form data) andmethod(specifies the HTTP method to use) <input>: Defines an input field, which can be of various types (e.g., text, password, submit, radio, checkbox). Differenttypeattributes create different types of input, e.g.text,password,email,number,date,radio,checkbox,submit,button<textarea>: Defines a multi-line text input control<button>: Defines a clickable button<select>: Defines a drop-down list<option>: Defines an option in a drop-down list<label>: Defines a label for an input element
HTML Semantic Elements
- Semantic elements provide meaning about the content
<article>: Defines an independent, self-contained content<aside>: Defines content aside from the page content<details>: Defines additional details that the user can view or hide<figcaption>: Defines a caption for a<figure>element<figure>: Specifies self-contained content, like illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc.<footer>: Defines a footer for a document or section<header>: Defines a header for a document or section<main>: Specifies the main content of a document<mark>: Defines marked/highlighted text<nav>: Defines navigation links<section>: Defines a section in a document<summary>: Defines a visible heading for a<details>element<time>: Defines a date/time
HTML Media
- HTML allows embedding multimedia content like images, audio, and video.
<audio>: Defines sound content; Attributes includesrc(source URL),controls(to display audio controls).<video>: Defines a video; Attributes includesrc(source URL),controls(to display video controls),widthandheightto specify video dimensions.
HTML Iframes
<iframe>: Defines an inline frame, used to embed another document within the current HTML document
Character Entities
- Character entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML (which the browser might interpret as HTML code), and characters which are not easily typed on a keyboard.
<: Represents<>: Represents>&: Represents& : Represents a non-breaking space©represents the copyright symbol ©
HTML Doctype Declaration
<!DOCTYPE html>: Tells the browser that this is an HTML5 document- Must be the first thing in the HTML document
HTML Script
<script>: Used to embed client-side scripts (JavaScript)- Can be placed in the
<head>or<body>section
HTML Layout Elements
<header>: Specifies a header for a document or section<nav>: Defines a set of navigation links<section>: Defines a section in a document<article>: Defines an independent, self-contained content<aside>: Defines content aside from the page content<footer>: Defines a footer for a document or section
HTML5 APIs
- HTML5 introduced several new APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that extend the capabilities of web pages.
- Some notable APIs:
- Geolocation API: To get the geographical position of a user.
- Canvas API: For drawing graphics on the fly, using JavaScript.
- Drag and Drop API: Enables drag and drop functionality in browsers.
- Web Storage API: Provides ways for web pages to store data locally within the user's browser.
- WebSockets API: Enables real-time, two-way communication between a client and a server.
Best Practices
- Use proper document structure, including
<html>,<head>,<title>, and<body> - Use semantic HTML elements to give meaning to content
- Validate HTML code to ensure correctness and compatibility
- Keep code readable and well-formatted with indentation
- Use CSS for styling, not HTML attributes (avoid inline styles)
- Optimize images for web use to reduce page load times
- Ensure accessibility by providing alternative text for images (alt attribute), using ARIA attributes where necessary, and creating a logical heading structure
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Description
Learn the basics of HTML, the standard markup language for creating web pages. This lesson covers the essential structure of an HTML document, including the <html>, <head>, and <body> elements. Grasp the purpose of various HTML elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, and horizontal rules.
