Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

• The course aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills to understand AI concepts and their applications in solving engineering problems
• It provides a solid foundation in AI principles, techniques, and tools for designing, developing, and implementing AI-based solutions in various engineering domains

Course Content:

• Foundations of Artificial Intelligence
• Problem-Solving and Search Techniques
• Logic in AI and Introduction to Prolog
• Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
• Introduction to Machine Learning
• Overview of Neural Networks

Foundations of AI:

• AI is about enabling computers or machines to mimic human-like behavior through learning, thinking, and problem-solving
• This involves creating intelligent systems capable of performing tasks typically done by humans

Goals of AI:

• To create expert systems that can advise and assist users effectively
• To enable machines to understand, learn, and act in a human-like manner

What Contributes to AI

• Computer Science
• Philosophy
• Sociology
• Maths
• Biology
• Neuron Science
• Psychology

Types of AI:

• There are three primary types of AI: Narrow AI, General AI, and Super AI

Narrow AI (Weak AI):

• This involves AI systems designed for specific tasks
• These systems excel in their programmed tasks but cannot operate outside those boundaries
• The examples include autonomous vehicles and personalized marketing tools

General AI (Artificial General Intelligence, or AGI):

• Systems with cognitive abilities similar to humans
• Unlike narrow AI, AGI can apply intelligence to solve any problem through training

Super AI (Artificial Superintelligence):

• Represents the most advanced form of AI, surpassing human intelligence in every aspect
• Currently a speculative concept, the idea of superintelligence raises ethical and practical questions about the future of technology
• There are currently no existing examples, as it remains a theoretical concept

Applications of AI:

• AI is widely utilized across various fields to efficiently solve complex problems and perform efficiently
• AI is widely used in various fields to solve complex problems and perform tasks efficiently

Chatbots and Virtual Assistants

• They answer questions, provide information, or perform requested tasks
• They understand spoken and written words to give helpful responses

Recommendation Systems:

• AI suggests items people might like based on their past behavior
• Recommends movies, products, or music by learning preferences

Healthcare:

• AI helps doctors and hospitals in diagnosing and treating patients
• It analyzes medical images, predicts diseases, and suggests treatments

Self-Driving Cars:

• AI-powered cars can drive themselves without a human driver
• To understand the road, traffic, and potential obstacles, they use sensors and cameras

Social Media:

• AI helps organize social media feeds
• It decides which posts to show based on user interactions and preferences

Gaming:

• AI enhances video games by making them more realistic and difficult
• It makes engaging game worlds by creating smarter opponents

Fraud Detection:

• Ai helps banks and businesses detect fraud
• It looks for unusual activities in accounts or transactions

Language Translation:

• AI translates languages in real time
• It helps people understand and communicate using different languages

Smart Homes:

• AI helps makes homes more convenient and energy-efficient
• It automates tasks like adjusting the thermostat or turning lights off

Agriculture:

• AI helps farmers grow crops more efficiently
• It predicts weather, monitors crop health, and automates tasks like watering

AI vs Human Intelligence:

Nature of Intelligence:

• Human Intelligence means a natural ability to think creatively, understand emotions, and learn from experiences
• AI involves man-made systems that do tasks like analyzing data patterns that require human intelligence

Learning and Adaptation:

• Human Intelligence learns from social interactions and education, helping to adapt to new situations
• AI learns from large amounts of data using algorithms but may struggle with new situations it hasn't been trained for

Creativity and Innovation:

• Human Intelligence can create original ideas, art, music, and literature through imagination
• AI can mimic creativity by analyzing data patterns but lacks true innovation and emotional depth

Decision-Making Process:

• Human Intelligence: Decisions are influenced by emotions, ethics, and subjective judgment, allowing for nuanced understanding
• AI: Makes decisions based on data-driven algorithms, ensuring objectivity but lacking emotional and ethical considerations

Adaptability and Flexibility:

• Human Intelligence is highly adaptable to handle a wide range of tasks and changing environments
• AI is typically specialized for specific tasks and may require reprogramming or retraining to handle different tasks or environments

Emotional and Social Intelligence:

• Human Intelligence possesses the ability to understand and respond to emotions, facilitating complex social interactions
• AI lacks true emotional understanding and cannot genuinely engage in social interactions, though it can simulate certain aspects