Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the role of 'knowledge' in the data pyramid?

  • Processed data with meaning.
  • Interpretation of information. (correct)
  • Decision-making based on acquired understanding.
  • Raw and unprocessed facts.

    • A company is struggling to implement AI solutions due to inconsistent and unreliable information. According to the provided text, which ethical challenge is it most likely facing?

  • Reduction of human contact.
  • Problems of Integrity.
  • Bias and discrimination.
  • Lack of quality data. (correct)

    • In the Data Literacy Process Framework, what action would someone take during the Assess phase?

  • Brainstorming ideas with relevant individuals.
  • Sharing the conclusions drawn from processed data.
  • Clearly defining the purpose behind data collection.
  • Determining the quality of the communication made. (correct)

    • An AI-powered customer service chatbot resolves queries efficiently, but customers report feeling disconnected and dissatisfied with the impersonal interactions. Which ethical challenge of AI is most evident in this scenario?

    <p>Reduction of human contact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does data literacy contribute to solving problems, according to the text?

    <p>By enabling individuals to make informed decisions and think critically. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what capacity does AI utilize linear algebra?

    <p>To process images and recognize patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mathematical field enables AI to estimate the likelihood of different outcomes in uncertain scenarios, such as predicting pedestrian behavior for self-driving cars?

    <p>Probability Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does calculus play in AI-powered search engines?

    <p>Ranking web pages based on relevance to a user's query. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are statistics utilized in disaster management?

    <p>To warn residents of impending natural calamities and aid in rescue operations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of steps in the statistical data analysis process?

    <p>Data Collection -&gt; Exploration &amp; Cleaning -&gt; Analysis -&gt; Drawing Conclusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A self-driving car needs to predict whether a pedestrian will cross the road. Which mathematical concept is most directly applied to address this problem?

    <p>Probability Theory, for estimating the likelihood of the pedestrian's actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical application of the mathematical concepts discussed in the context of AI and data analysis?

    <p>Applying calculus to optimize the energy consumption of a robot. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of disaster management, how might statistical analysis be used after a natural disaster has occurred?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

    <p>Developing machines with the ability to perform cognitive tasks like thinking and problem-solving. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    John McCarthy is most notably recognized in the field of AI for which contribution?

    <p>Organizing the Dartmouth Conference, which is considered the birthplace of AI, and coining the term 'Artificial Intelligence'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Machine Learning (ML) from traditional programming?

    <p>ML enables computers to learn from data without explicit programming, adapting and improving their algorithms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the introduction of 'Roomba' in 2002 contribute to the field of AI?

    <p>It demonstrated AI's practical application in daily life, making AI technology accessible to the average consumer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical application of AI in e-commerce?

    <p>Directly controlling global financial markets without human oversight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what significant way did IBM's Deep Blue advance the field of AI in 1997?

    <p>It was the first computer to defeat a world chess champion, showcasing AI's ability to perform complex strategic reasoning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between AI and Robotics?

    <p>AI involves systems imitating human intelligence to make judgments and learn, while Robotics is about creating robots capable of performing tasks without human interaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary advancement demonstrated by the chatbot 'Eugene Goostman' in 2014?

    <p>It won a Turing test, indicating a high degree of human-like conversation ability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    Data Literacy

    The ability to explore, understand, and communicate with data meaningfully.

    Data Pyramid

    A visual representation showing stages of working with data from raw to wisdom.

    Raw Data

    Unprocessed data that is not immediately useful.

    Processed Data

    Data that has been organized or structured to have meaning.

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    Importance of Data Literacy

    Essential for informed decision-making, critical thinking, problem-solving, and innovation.

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    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    The ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like learning and problem-solving.

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    History of AI

    AI was formally founded in 1956 at Dartmouth College by John McCarthy.

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    First Chatbot: ELIZA

    The first chatbot created in 1966, simulating conversation.

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    Machine Learning

    A branch of AI enabling machines to learn from data without explicit programming.

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    Robotics

    Creation of robots that perform tasks independently of human control.

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    AI in E-Commerce

    AI aids personalized shopping by analyzing customer behaviors and preferences.

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    IBM Deep Blue

    The first computer to defeat a world chess champion, in 1997.

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    Chatbot Eugene Goostman

    Chatbot that won a Turing test in 2014, simulating a 13-year-old boy.

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    Calculus in AI

    Calculus is used in AI for incremental improvements and ranking relevance.

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    Linear Algebra

    Linear algebra studies vectors, matrices, and linear transformations for data manipulation.

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    Probability Theory

    Probability theory studies uncertainty to predict outcomes in AI applications.

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    Statistics

    Statistics involves collecting, exploring, and analyzing data to draw conclusions.

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    Data Collection

    The process of gathering information from various sources for analysis.

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    Data Cleaning

    Data cleaning involves removing errors and inconsistencies in data for accurate analysis.

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    Data Analysis

    Data analysis is the process of examining data to gain insights and guide decisions.

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    Disaster Management Statistics

    Statistics help prepare for disasters by predicting natural calamities and planning responses.

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    Study Notes

    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    • AI combines artificial and intelligence
    • Artificial refers to something created by humans
    • Intelligence is the ability to gain knowledge and skills
    • AI is the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, learning, problem-solving, and decision-making
    • This is modeled on how humans use their brains

    History of AI

    • 1956: AI formally founded at a Dartmouth College conference in Hanover, New Hampshire. John McCarthy hosted the first AI conference
    • 1966: First chatbot "ELIZA"
    • 1972: First intelligence robot "WABOT-1"
    • 1974-1980: First AI winter; Expert Systems.
    • 1987-1993: Second AI winter
    • 1997: IBM's Deep Blue beat a world chess champion
    • 2002: AI in home robots ("Roomba")
    • 2011: IBM Watson won a quiz show
    • 2014: Chatbot Eugene Goostman won a Turing test
    • 2015: Amazon Echo

    Machine Learning

    • A branch of AI that allows computers to learn and develop without explicit programming.
    • It creates computer programs that access and learn from data.
    • Used in detecting fraud, self-driving cars, and face recognition.

    Robotics

    • Robotics focuses on creating robots capable of performing tasks without direct human intervention.
    • AI systems mimic the human mind to make judgments and learn, unlike robotics that only executes pre-programmed tasks

    Applications of AI

    • E-commerce:
      • Personalized shopping (recommendations)
      • Virtual shopping assistants/chatbots
      • Fraud prevention (credit card fraud, fake reviews)
    • Automobiles: Self-driving cars use AI for driving, combining sensors (camera, radar), cloud services, GPS and control signals.
    • Social media:
      • Facebook uses Deep Text for automatic translation.
      • Twitter uses AI for fraud detection, removal of propaganda, and hateful content.
    • Agriculture: AI helps farmers detect nutrient deficiencies in soil.
    • Robotics: AI-powered robots use real-time data to avoid obstructions.

    Three Domains of AI

    • Data Science: Converting raw data into knowledge. (Data systems and processes).
    • Natural Language Processing (NLP): Understanding and processing human language, enabling computers to understand human communication
    • Computer Vision (CV): Enables computers to gather meaningful information from digital images and videos.

    AI Ethics

    • Principles that guide AI development and use
    • Improve human health, reduce environmental impact, public safety, efficiency, etc

    Data Literacy

    • The ability to understand, explore, and communicate data effectively.
    • Data is raw, information has meaning, knowledge is how info is interpreted., wisdom is decisions based on knowledge.

    Data Security and Privacy

    • Data privacy is concerned with sensitive data, confidentiality, and immutability.
    • Data security is about protecting data during its entire lifecycle, safeguarding against unauthorized access, corruption, theft.

    Data Acquisition

    • Web Scraping: collecting data from websites
    • Ethical issues: permission, bias, consent, transparency, anonymity, accountability.

    Types of Data

    • Numeric (Continuous and Discrete)
    • Textual
    • Visual

    Data Interpretation and its Feature

    • Usability: Structure, cleanliness, and accuracy define usability.
    • Data Interpretation involves analyzing data to gain insights.

    Math in AI

    • Probability: Analyzes uncertainty and explores the likeliness of events.
    • Statistics: A technique to explore and analyze data. Important for making informed decisions

    Data Presentation

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    Description

    Learn about the history, key concepts, and applications of Artificial Intelligence. Discusses the definitions of AI, its historical development, and the emergence of machine learning as a subset. Covers early milestones like ELIZA and Deep Blue.

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