Introduction to Archaeology

<p>Lithics are less susceptible to decomposition than other materials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artifact, Ecofact, Feature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To record the precise location (provenience) of artifacts, ecofacts, and features. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In undisturbed stratigraphic layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom, and the youngest are at the top. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify potential subsurface features and plan excavation strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An animal burrow or a pit dug by humans that cuts through multiple layers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide evidence of past human activity and inform sampling plans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate bone resorption, breaking down bone tissue to release minerals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By considering how skeletal variations are influenced by both biological factors and cultural behaviors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studying the human biological component of the archaeological record, interpreting skeletons as once-living individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrological analysis (relating disease patterns to celestial events). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining the 'representativeness' of the remains and understanding human-animal relations in disease transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinal tuberculosis, characterized by bone destruction in the vertebrae. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone destruction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To accurately interpret lifetime events and conditions affecting the individual, avoiding misattribution of post-mortem damage as antemortem pathology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differential preservation of organic and inorganic materials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen-free environments inhibit the decomposition process, preserving organic materials exceptionally well. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dietary habits, burial practices, and causes of death in ancient societies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To interpret site history and trace changes or sequences of events over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot determine the absolute age of an object or the duration of a sequence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By understanding that older layers are generally found deeper in the ground than newer layers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It models how artifact styles emerge, peak in popularity, and then decline over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examining the patterns of annual tree growth rings to estimate the age of wood samples. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The constant rate at which Carbon-14 decays into Nitrogen-14. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>11460 years old. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Physical objects created or used by humans, such as tools and artifacts.

Objects shaped or modified by humans or produced through human activity.

Natural items used or affected by humans, like animal bones or seeds.

Large artifacts that can't be moved, such as buildings or soil disturbances from human activity.

The location and association of an artifact within a site, crucial for interpretation.

The principle stating that in undisturbed strata, older layers are below younger layers.

The study and interpretation of layered deposits in soil or rock.

The method of carefully digging at archaeological sites to uncover layers.

The original context of an artifact or feature in relation to other finds.

Skeletal and soft-tissue evidence from past human populations used to understand their lives.

The process where osteoblasts build new bone and osteoclasts break down old bone throughout life.

The study of human biological remains from archaeological sites to interpret past behaviors and events.

The study of diseases and disorders in ancient populations through skeletal remains.

Examination of bones using the naked eye to identify features and conditions.

A form of tuberculosis affecting the bones, particularly the spine, causing deformities and bone destruction.

Identifying diseases like leprosy and syphilis through changes in bones.

Analysis of the age, sex, and health patterns in past human populations using skeletal remains.

Materials like stone, iron, and baked clay that are more likely to be preserved.

The concept that not all human activities are represented in archaeological remains, leading to incomplete records.

Locations with unique climates that aid in the preservation of artifacts.

A method for determining the age of artifacts based on their comparison to other objects.

Assigns a specific age in years to an artifact based on laboratory analysis.

Dating trees based on annual growth rings, reflecting seasonal conditions.

A technique that measures the decay of Carbon-14 in organic materials to determine age.

A relative dating method where deeper layers are older, resembling a layer cake.

Ordering artifacts through time by tracing changes in styles, visualized as the 'Battleship Curve'.

A well-preserved corpse known as a 'bog body' discovered in Denmark, dating back to about 2000 years ago.